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一、想考重点高中这份关于比较级和最高级的知识点不可不看
变化规则
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
tall(高的) taller tallest
great(巨大的) greater greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest
large(大的) larger largest
able(有能力的) abler ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot热的) hotter hottest
red红色的 redder reddest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的) easier easiest
busy(忙的) busier busiest
(5)以ly结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more most.
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly
Bravely-more bravely-most bravely
quickly-more quickly-most quickly
(6)少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
(7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:
important(重要的) more important most important
easily(容易地) more easily most easily
(8)一些词的比较级和最高级,可以加-er或 -est,也可以加more或most,如:clever, polite等。
(9) 不规则变化
有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆。如:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill/badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是:形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。
一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。
long-longer-longest
young-younger-youngest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
short-shorter-shortest
high-higher-highest
deep-deeper-deepest
small-smaller-smallest
big-bigger-biggest
tall-taller-tallest
loud-louder-loudest
low-lower-lowest
thin-thinner-thinnest
fat-fatter-fattest
great-greater-greatest
nice-nicer-nicest
happy-happier-happiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
near-nearer-nearest
clean-cleaner-cleanest
few-fewer-fewest
late-later-latest
angry-angrier-angriest
busy-busier-busiest
lazy-lazier-laziest
hot-hotter-hottest
glad-gladder-gladdest
clear-clearer-clearest
strong-stronger-strongest
lucky-luckier-luckiest
interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting
difficult-more difficult-most difficult
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
形容词比较级的用法
1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“... 比较级 + than ...”。如:Actions speak louder than words.
2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
3. 表示“两者之间最……的一个”时,用“the + 比较级”。如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4. 表示“越……,越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如:It's much colder today than yesterday.
形容词最高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.
2. 表示“最……之一”时,用“one of + the + 最高级”。如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
3. 形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life
修饰语
1. 比较级的修饰语
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。
eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点;
It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷
2.最高级的修饰语
By far/ far and away 最,很 much ……得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎
另外,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠词之后。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黄河是中国的第二大河。
This is the third largest building in this city.
这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
一、最高级与比较级的知识点梳理
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest
未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest
以- le结尾的双 able(有能力的) abler ablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
结尾的闭音节单 hot热的) hotter hottest
音节词,双写结
尾的辅音字母,
再加-er,-est
"以辅音字母+y" easy(容易的) easier easiest
结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的) busier busiest
改y为i,再加
-er,-est
少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest
结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
未尾加-er,-est
其他双音节词和 important(重要的)
多音节词,在前 more important
面加more,most most important
来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)
最高级。 more easily
most easily
2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (坏的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意:
1)要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。
比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修饰比较级的词
1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题:
1) ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案:C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案:D。
many,old 和 far
1) 如果后接名词时, much more +不可数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。
I have nothing further to say.
the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型转换:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
和more有关的词组
1) the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A 与其说A不如说B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less… than… 与……一样……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than 不只是,非常
She is more than kind to us all.
典型例题
1)The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America
D. that in America
答案:D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。
2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。 表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。
This ruler is three times as long as that one
二、关于英语比较级和最高级的用法归纳
英语比较级和最高级的用法
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。
例句:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
注意:
① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽。
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。
The sooner,the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的。
7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
③. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。
比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
;三、比较级和最高级的语法重点有哪些?
形容词比较级的用法英语形容词比较级的构成
英语形容词比较等级有三个:原级,比较级和最高级。
形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
规则变化
1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
【例】 原级 比较级 最高级
great greater greatest
small smaller smallest
clean cleaner cleanest
2)单音节词如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)
【例】 fine finer finest
nice nicer nicest
wide wider widest
3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)【例】 big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
red redder reddest
4)少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)。以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
【例】 clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
able abler ablest
easy easier easiest
5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
【例】 careful more careful most careful
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如: right, wrong, woolen等。
5、名词所有格的用法
构成:
(1)一般在原有名词词尾加“’s”,如:
Mary’s father 玛丽的爸爸 Jack’s family 杰克的家庭
(2)如果原有名词是复数,词尾带有-s,则只加一个“’”,如:
teachers’ office 教师办公室 workers’ home 工人之家
常考点:如果表示两人共有的概念,则只在第二名词词尾加“’s”,如:Lucy and Lily’s room 表示露希和莉莉共有一个房间。
比较:These rooms are Lucy’s and Lily’s. 表示露希和莉莉各有一个房间。
(3)凡是不能加’s的名词,都可以用of构成短语表示所有关系,如:
What’s the color of her hair?
她的头发是什么颜色?
It is a picture of my family.
这是一张我的全家福。
注意:有些’s和of结构可以互换
China’s long history=the long history of China
the tree’s branches=the branches of the tree
使用范围:
名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的东西的名词,但也可以用于以下名词:
(1)表示时间的名词,如:
a day’s journey 一天的旅程 today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
(2)表示自然现象的名词,如:
the tree’s branches 树枝 the moon’s rays 月光
(3)表示国家、城市等的名词,如:
China’s long history 中国悠久的历史 the city’s parks 城市的公园
(4)表示人的群体的名词,如:
the ship’s crew 船上的工作人员 the company’s new factory 公司的新工厂
(5)表示度量衡及价值的名词,如:
a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 twenty dollars’ value 20美元的价值
(6)表示机构的名词,如:
the hotel’s entrance 旅馆的入口 the school’s headmaster 学校的校长
6、双重所有格
把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起、表示所有关系的结构,就构成了名词的双重所有格。
(1)表示不特定的所有关系,如:
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一个朋友
several cousins of Mary’s 玛丽的几个表兄妹
(2)表示特殊情感,如:
That car of Peter’s is very nice.
彼得的车确实很好。
Look at the picture, the picture of a lovely baby’s.
看看那张画,就是那张可爱宝宝的画。
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