初中被动语态语法讲解-含练习即答案（请收藏备用）

内容导航：

初中被动语态语法讲解-含练习即答案（请收藏备用）

初中被动语态讲解

关于初三被动语态的专项练习及其答案（尽量有答案讲解）

初三英语语法知识点：被动语态

一、初中被动语态语法讲解-含练习即答案（请收藏备用）

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一) 语 态 分 类

英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下：

一般现在时：am / is / are + done

一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时：shall / will + be done

一般过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时：

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

2. 一般过去时：

(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

3. 一般将来时：

(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

4. 过去将来时：

(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

5. 现在进行时：

(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

6. 过去进行时：

(1)The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

7. 现在完成时：

(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

8. 过去完成时：

(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

(四） 含有情态动词的被动语态：

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

(五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

主语 谓语 宾语

→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

主语 谓语 宾语

（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。

(七)语态转换时所注意的问题

1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

A new computer has been bought. (正确)

A new computer have been bought. (错误)

2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

A present was given to me yesterday.

注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：

bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。

(1) The book was showed to the class.

(2) My bike was lent to her.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：

build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。

(1) A new skirt was made for me.

(2) The meat was cooked for us.

(3) Some country music was played for us.

3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

(1) We always keep the classroom clean.

→The classroom is always kept clean.

(2) She told us to follow her instructions.

→We were told to follow her instructions.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：

Nobody can answer this question.

误：The question can be answered by nobody.

正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：

They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：

Who wrote the story?

误：Who was the story written?

正：By whom was the story written?

8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：

(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。

(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。

对比：

The books sell well. (主动句)

The books were sold out. (被动句)

The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)

The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)

9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。

第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：

He entered the room and got his book.

误：The room was entered and his book was got.

She had her hand burned.

误：Her hand was had burned.

第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：

The fire broke out in the capital building.

误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.

第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

误：The sun had already been risen.

After the earthquake, few houses remained.

误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.

第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：

I taught myself English.

误：Myself was taught English.

We love each other.

误：Each other is loved.

10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说…… It is said that …

据报导…… It is reported that …

据推测…… It is supposed that …

希望…… It is hoped that …

众所周知…… It is well known that …

普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …

有人建议…… It is suggested that …

1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.

2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.

初中被动语态练习题

1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.

A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung

( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

2

( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep

( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold

( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left

( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

( ) 6 His new book___ next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published

3

( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking

( ) 2 These papers___yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written

( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.

A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't

4

( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.

A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?

( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are

( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?

A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do

5

( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held

( ) 2 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by

( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?

A. was B. were C. is D. am

6

( ) 1 The flowers ___ often.

A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water

( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.

A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow

( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.

A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mend

7

( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.

A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt

( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.

A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown

( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week

.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild

8

( ) 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.

A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept

( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water

.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep

( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.

A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow

( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.

A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built

( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather

.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung

9

( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.

A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing

( ) 2 The teapot ___ water

.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled

( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.

A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to

( ) 4 Old people must ___.

A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well

10

( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.

A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care

( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.

A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens

( ) 3 These walls ___ stone.

A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into

11

( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.

A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said

( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.

A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown

( ) 3 The coat___her sister.

A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to

12

( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.

A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given

( ) 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of

( ) 3 She will____good care____.

A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you

13

( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.

A. to do B. do C. did D. done

( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.

A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean

( ) 3 These children____dance.

A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to

14

( ) 1 These stones___well.

A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted

( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.

A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed

( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.

A. was'had B. was held C. held D. had

15

( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.

A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place

( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.

A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down

( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.

A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened

( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.

A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell

16

( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.

A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken

( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing

( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?

A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close

17

( ) 1 Can he___ himself?

A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of

( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.

A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt

( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__

A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn

18

( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.

A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting

( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.

A. see B. watch C. look D. look at

( ) 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.

A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded

19

( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.

A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing

( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.

A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned

( ) 3 The book is worth ___.

A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read

参考答案：

1. 1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-6 B C B B C A 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B

6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D

10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A

14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D

18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B

一、初中被动语态讲解

TENSE 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 be\V\Vs am\is\are+Vpp
一般将来时 will+V will be +Vpp
现在进行时 am\is\are+Ving am\is\are+being+Vpp
一般过去时 ①was\were②Ved was\were+Vpp
一般完成时 have\has+Vpp have\has+been+Vpp
过去完成时 had+Vpp had+been+Vpp
过去进行时 was\were+Ving was\were+being+Vpp
情态动词 can+V can+be+V

被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀：
一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)
2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P
3.一般将来时 will be+P.P
4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P
5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P
7.过去完成时 had been+P.P

语法结构

1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
"一干二听三让四看半帮助”要加to
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去]
If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来]

备注

（1）上表中'*'，would都可转换为should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. [过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已用来发电。 7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为什么这么干。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December. 被动： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。 主动：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold. 被动：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers. "铅砖"外面被设法骗钱的商人和骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。
主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他们将问你许多怪题。
被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。
主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。
同样
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?
但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：
一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。
主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。
将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。
主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被动：...whether the new plan would be carriedout ahead of time. 几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。
主动：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被动：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。

将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同．have (has) been doing,
即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。
例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。

现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done
即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如： 主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动：This must be kept in mind.
我们必须把这个记在心里。
主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。
主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：The washing machine will not be used again.
我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．
主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)
我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。
再如： 主动：We shall have to adopt a different attitude. 被动：A different attitude will have to be adopted. 我们将不得不采取另一种态度.
主动：You are to leave the bag here. 被动: The bag is to be left here. (are to随新主语变为is to) 你应把包裹放在这儿。
主动：They used to start these engines by hand. 被动：These engines used to be started by hand. 过去他们用手启动马达。
主动: We are going to paint the wall green. 被动：The all is going to be painted green. 我们打算把墙刷成绿色。 主动：You needn't type this letter. 被动：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不变助动词) 你不必把这封信打字。
主动：You should have taken those books back to the library.
被动：Those books should have been taken back to the library.
你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。 主动：They may have left it in the sun. 被动：It may have been left in the sun. 他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。
may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用于疑问句。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。
例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike? 为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢? The exercises will not be done in class. 不可写成：The exercise will be not done in class. 我们将不在课堂上作练习。 Why had he been imprisoned? 他为何入狱的?
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前 凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。
What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science? (主语为疑问词what所修饰)
正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?
What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple? (主语为疑问词所修饰) 需要什么装置来使控制系统简化? what has been done to improve the techniques? 采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的? (what恰是句子的主语) 应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语
2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 不用被动语态的情况

二、关于初三被动语态的专项练习及其答案（尽量有答案讲解）

被动语态语法专项练习题及答案
1、( ) 1 The People'sRepublic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( )2 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 3.New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2、( ) 1 Our room must___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( )2. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 3. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need .B. are needing .C. are needed .D. will need
3、( ) 1 Japanese ___in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
4、( ) 1.___ the watchbeen repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 2. ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5、( ) 1 Who was thebook___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 2. Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was B. were C. is D. am
6、( ) 1 Theflowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
7、( ) 1 The oldbridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be built B. will built
C. are going to be built D. are going to built
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
8、( ) 1 Now thesemagazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( ) 6. Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after
C. looked well after D. be looked after well
( ) 7 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of D. take good care
( ) 8 These walls___stone.
A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
( )9. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( ) 10.The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
( ) 11. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
C. should be taking D. should be taken of
( ) 1 2.The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 13. The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 14. These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 15. The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was have B. was held C. held D. had
( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
18、( ) 1 The apple___verysweet.
A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
19、( ) 2 How dirty thetables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
参考答案：
1. 1-5 B D D D C
2. 1-6 B C B B C A
3. 1-3 A B B
4. 1-3 A B A
5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D
7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D
9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C
12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B
15. 1-4 B D A C
16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D
19. 1-3 A C B

三、初三英语语法知识点：被动语态

　　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。下面是我收集整理的初三英语《被动语态》的语法复习知识点以供大家学习。

　　初三英语语法知识点：被动语态

　　英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

　　主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。

　　被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。

　　构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

　　被动语态用法：

　　1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。

　　2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。

　　3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。

　　主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

　　主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况：

　　1)主语+谓语动词+宾语

　　将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

　　(主动)We bought a book yesterday.

　　(被动)The book was bought yesterday.

　　2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

　　将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。

　　如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。

　　(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.

　　(被动)I was showed a book yesterday.

　　(被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.

　　3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语

　　含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。 (主动)I found him a good pupil. (宾语补足语)

　　(被动)He was found a good pupil. (主语补足语)

　　4)短语动词变为被动语态

　　有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。 (主动)We should look after the patients very well.

　　(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.

　　5)宾语从句变为被动语态

　　若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

　　It’s said that he passed the exam.

　　被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：

　　(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。 (主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.

　　(被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.

　　(2)当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。

　　(主动)They make do all the work.

　　(被动)We were made to do all the work.

　　(主动)We often hear her sing English songs.

　　(被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.

　　(主动)I see him walk to school.

　　(被动)He is seen to walk to school.