极简英语语法-名词性从句

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极简英语语法-名词性从句

英语：什么是名词性从句

高中英语基础语法知识：名词性从句

英语名词性从句

一、极简英语语法-名词性从句

英语的语法中，复合句有三大类型：定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句由于名词性从句中的宾语从句 在之前讨论过，本文讨论剩下的主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句

从句在句子中做主语。

引导词通常是连词that,whether,who,what,whatever等

通常按第三人称单数对待

That

句子成分完整的时候，用that引导。

从句和主句的变化可以组合出不同的句子。

That you don't know the rule is not an excuse for your failure. 你不知道规则并不能成为你失败的理由。

That real estate price will go down is certain. 房地产价格下降将是必然。

Whether

Whether she will get married or not is still unknown

who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever

Who will win the match is still unknown.

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

Whatever you do is not my primary concern. 你做任何事都不是我们首要关心的

when where how why

When will he get married remains unknown.

Why you are so clever is a puzzle we all want to work out

It作形式主语

It+be+形容词+that从句

It is certain that real estate price will go down

It is true that she will get married in winter.

It+be+名词词组+that从句

no wonder, a pity, a honour, no surprise

It is a pity that you will married him, not me. 很可惜，你要嫁的是他不是我。

It is an honor that you come to our little party.

It+be+过去分词+that从句

said，believed，announced, expected

It is said that she has been pregnant for 3 months. 据说她已经怀孕三个月。

It is believed that success comes from hard work.

It doesn't matter (makes no different)+连接代词或副词引导的主语从句

It doesn't matter when he will arrive.

It makes no difference whether he will come to the part or not.

表语从句

如果不懂表语是什么，请先复习

从句在主系表结构的主句中充当表语成分

常用连接词：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whichever ，whatever

reason 用that引导

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

The fact is that we have lost the game.

可用be，look，seem, sound, appear引导

It looks as if it is going to rain.

whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

We know things will turn out to be better. The question is whether we can survive to see that day. 我们都知道形势终将变好，问题是我们能不能或者看到那天。

That is because …指原因或理由。

He did not drink with us last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.

That is why … 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。

He was married. That is why he refused your proposal.

同位语从句

从句充当同位语成分，起解释说明作用

被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主语和表语关系

主语you和同位语the elder brother就是主谓关系：you are the elder brother. 同位语elder brother是对you的解释。

You, the elder brother, should take care of your sister.

The question who can do the work requires consideration.

You must answer the question whether he agrees with the plan or not.

区分定语从句同位语从句

主语和同位语是主表关系，主从句间加is说得通就是同位语，不通是定语.

The news that he told me yesterday is true.

上句是定语从句， he told me是用来限定the news的。

That fact that you are late surpised everyone. You have never been late before. 你迟到的事实惊呆了所有人。以前从来不迟到。

The fact is you are late,说的通，所以是同位语。

一、英语：什么是名词性从句

名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句：What he wants to tell us is not clear.
宾语从句：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
表语从句：The fact is that we have lost the game.
同位语从句：The news that we won the game is exciting.

二、高中英语基础语法知识：名词性从句

高中英语基础语法知识：名词性从句

　　一、名词性从句的基本概念

　　在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

　　(1)主语从句

　　就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如：

　　Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。

　　That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。

　　注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成：

　　It is well known that China is a great socialist country.

　　但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如：

　　What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。

　　Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。

　　(2)表语从句

　　就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if， as though。如：

　　The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。

　　It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。

　　注意：要区分以下句式：

　　1. that’s why+结果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…

　　He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席，这是因为他生病了。

　　He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。

　　The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的.原因是他生病了。

　　(3)宾语从句

　　就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如：

　　They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。

　　I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。

　　I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。

　　注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词+do you think /believe /expect+宾语从句的其余部分?”如：

　　Who do you think is the best player this year? 你认为今年谁是最佳运动员?

　　What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么?

　　(4)同位语从句

　　就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面，说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导，但不能由which引导。如：

　　The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圆的”这种观点并不新鲜。

　　He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这们一问题。

　　I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么时候出发。

　　注：有时，同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如：

　　The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相终于大白了，他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。

;

三、英语名词性从句

英语名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子。

名词性从句在复合句中能做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

如果表示一般情况，主句的谓语动词通常用第三人称单数，且主语从句本身的时态不受主句时态的影响。

为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正主语放在句末。一般常用句型为：①It is + n. + that从句。

②It is + adj. + that从句。

③It is + 过去分词 + that从句。

④It turned out that ...

⑤It hit sb. /occurred to sb. that ...