基础语法之形容词七：形容词的比较等级（二）

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基础语法之形容词七：形容词的比较等级（二）

形容词和副词的比较级

形容词的原级,比较级与最高级的用法

常见形容词的比较级和最高级有哪些

一、基础语法之形容词七：形容词的比较等级（二）

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应不少条友的私信要求，整理一些基础语法知识，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。本文主要学习《形容词的比较等级（二）》。欢迎留言或私信交流，共同进步。

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形容词是描述人和事物的性质、特征或状态的一种开放性词类，主要用来修饰名词或部分代词。在英语中，常用形容词的三种不同形式来表达人或事物在不同程度上的变化，这三种形式分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化原级的词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数形容词比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。

2.形容词比较等级的不规则变化

原级-比较级-最高级

good（好的）/well（健康的；好）-better-bestbad（坏的）/badly（坏）/ill（有病的）-worse-worstmany/much（许多）-more-mostlittle（少的）-less-leastfar（远的/远地）-farther/further-farthest/furthestold（年老的）-older/elder-oldest/eldest

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一、形容词和副词的比较级

形容词(英文 :adjective，简称adj. )是词类的一种，主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语或补语。下面是我整理的形容词和副词的比较级相关内容。

形容词和副词的比较级1

一、含义

1.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good–better - best

2.比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。

3.加more/most~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv.

4.双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad

二．比较级基本句型：

↗连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.

1．主语+对比成分

↘实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.

2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：

3

adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”

…not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如…一样……”

4……e.g. They talked more and more loudly.

5. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越…

The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.

6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？”

e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?

7. the+比较级+of the（ two ）: 两者中较…的一个

Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .

8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.

e.g. ．

9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。

e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one. 注意：

1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。

2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.

3.than 后的比较状语结构:

形容词和副词的比较级2

英语语法顺口溜：形容词和副词的比较级口诀

一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。

若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。

若甲乙程度相同，as…as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用 not so/as…as表示。上述内容全记起，比较等级谈完毕。

英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的形式即：原级(The Positive Degree)，比较级(The Comparative Degree)和最高级(The Superlative Degree)。

1) 同级比较往往由"as + 形容词/ 副词的原形 + as"的句式表达;当然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一个as前加倍数或程度副词的情况。

2)"比较级 + than"引导不同级的比较。"比较级" 前同样可以加倍数或程度副词。另外"no more…than"意思是"A和B一样不……" 。

3) 形容词的`最高级前一般必须有定冠词the;但是也有不加定冠词the的几种情况。

一、 同级比较中有两种情况：

A 表示双方情况"一模一样"，用as + 原级 + as的结构;

B 表示双方情况"不(那么)一样"，用not so / as + 原级 + as的结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词;在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格(一般不要接代词的宾格)。例如：

My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。

His bedroom is not as neat as his sister's. 他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。

It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么热。

在as …as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as 。例如：

He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。

二、形容词比较级的用法:

形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:

主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。

Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。

It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。

This picture is more beautyful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。

The sun is much larger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。

三、形容词最高级的用法:

形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:

主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。

二、形容词的原级,比较级与最高级的用法

绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor tall great glad bad
形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。
规则变化如下:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)? (比较级) (比较级)
difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级)
常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级------比较级------最高级
good------better------best
many------more------most
much------more------most
bad------worse------worst
far------farther, further------farthest, furthest
形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要
形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This picture is than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The sun is than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is student her class. 她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。
This is apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。
Tom is boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
1. This box is___ that one.
A. heavy than B. so heavy than
C. heavier as D. as heavy as
2 When we speak to people, we should be ' .
A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly
C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly
3 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.
A. as difficult as; expensive
B. as more difficult as; more expensive
C. as difficult as; more expensive
D. more difficult as; as expensive
4 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.
A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
5 His father began to work____ he was seven years old.
A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while
2
1. I think science is _ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
( ) 2 This pencil is___ than that one.
^. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
( ) 3 My mother is no ___ young.
A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few
( ) 4 These children are ____ this year than they were last year.
A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller
( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.
A. even hotter B. more hotter
C. much more hot D. much hot
6. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
3
( ) 1 When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with___ students.
A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite
2 The house is small for a family of six.
A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so
3 Through the window we can see nothing but ____ buildings.
A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall
4 -What's your brother like?
-He is___.
A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school
5 The jacket was so___ that he decided to buy it. ,
A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl
6 Our classroom is____ larger than theirs.
A. more B. quite C. very D. much
4
( ) 1 The earth is about____ as the moon.
A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big
( ) 2 Your room is mine.
A. twice as large than B. twice the size of
C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as
( ) 3 Your room is ___ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
( ) 4 His father is____than his mother. ;
A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years
5
( ) 1 Maths is more popular than____.
A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject
( ) 2 China is larger than ____ in Africa (^W).
A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country J 1%D. any country
( ) 3 Tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy
6
( ) 1 When spring comes, it gets____.
A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter
) 2 By and by, ____ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least
) 3 At last he began to cry ___.
A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder
) 4 When spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.
A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer
7
1___ I look at the picture, ____ I like it.
A. The best; the more B. The more; the less
C. The more; less D. More; the more
2 ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 3 ___ you come back, _____ it will be.
A, The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better
8
1 I like___ one of the two books.
A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older
( )2 Which is___country, China or Japan?
A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest
( ) 3 Of the two cups, he bought .
A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller
9
( ) 1 Which do you like ___, tea or coffee?
A. well B. better C. best D. most
( ) 2 This work is ____ for me than for you.
A. difficult B. most difficult
C. much difficult D. more difficult
( ) 3 Which do you think tastes ____, the chicken or the fish?
A. good B. better C. best D. well
( ) 4 The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once
A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high
( ) 5 Don't you think it ______ not to write the letter?
A^^ A. well , B. better C. best D. good
10
( ) 1 Who jumped____of all?
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far
( ) 2 Li Lei is___ student in our class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( ) 3 The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child.
A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest
( )4 Who is---of you three?
A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older
11
( ) 1 Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.
A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall
( ) 2 English is one of____ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language
( ) 3 Beijing is one of____ in China.
A. the largest city r '; B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities
12
1. Most of the woods ____ been taken good care of.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
2 ___ like playing football and watching TV.
A. Most boys B. Most of they C. Most boy D. More of they
3 ___ are here watering the flowers here.
A. Some B. Some of the boys C. Some boy D. Some of boys
4 ___ haven't been to American.
A. Most them B. Most they C. More of them D. Most of them
13
1 ___ is more beautiful than roses.
A. No other flower B. No another flower
C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers
2 The tree is ___ in the garden.
A. the taller B. the tallest
C. taller than of-all D. tall.
3 Mary studies harder in her class.
A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone
14
1 Which is___, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest
2 Which language is____, English, French or Japanese? A. easy B. the most easy C. the easiest o D. much more easy
3 Which is____interesting, science, maths or English?
A. more B. the most C. very D. too
4 Which city is____, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. much more beautiful D. the most beautiful
5 Which month is____, June, July or August?
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest
15
1 Do you have ____ to tell us?
A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything
2 Mike, I have____to tell you.
A. important something B. important anything C. something important , D. anything important
3 There is ___ in today's newspaper.
A. interesting something B. nothing interesting C. interesting anything D. anything interesting
4 -Is Mrs Brown badly ill?
-No, ____. Only a little cold.
A. quite well B. nothing serious C. not worry D. anything serious
) 5 Come here, I have____ to tell you.
A. interesting something B. anything interesting C. nothing interesting D. something interesting
16
( ) 1. I'm not ___ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough
( ) 2 The girl works hard ___ to pass the exam.
A. enough B. too C. still D. yet
( ) 3 He has____ to think it over. . A. many time B. times C. time enough D, enough time
17
( ) 1 "Do you want____
A. else anything B. anything else C. other anything D. else something
( ) 2 Have you seen ___ in the room?
A. anyone else B. else anyone C. anyone other D. everyone else
( ) 3 ___ would like to go to the park with me?
A. Whom else B. What else C. Who else D. Else who
18
( ) 1 Wei Fang is only six, but she speaks English____ her mother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as
( ) 2 She was sick yesterday, but she is____ to go to school today. A. enough good B. good enough C. enough well D. well enough
( ) 3 This kind of book is-______ for the children to read.
A. enough well ' B. enough good C. well enough D. good enough ) 4 -Are you feeling ____?
-Yes, I'm fine now.
A. quite good B. quite better C. any well D. any better ) 5 This shirt is no good. That one is even
A. better B. worse C. well D. worst
19
( ) 1 We have never seen___ interesting films.
A. such B. such an C. so D. such a
( ) 2 Don't read :' books ___ you can't understand.
A. as; such B. such; as C. same; as D. as; as
( ) 3 This is____ book___ I'd like to read once more.
A. such an interesting; that B. so interesting; that C. such an interesting; as D. a so interesting; as
( ) 4 We haven't seen ____ play.
A. so wonderful B. a so wonderful C. such wonderful D. such a wonderful
20
( ) 1 I am twelve; Mike is fourteen; Mary is thirteen.
So Mike is the ___ of the three.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
( ) 2 My ____ brother is three years ____ than I.
A. elder; elder B. older; oldest C. elder; older D. older; elder
( ) 3 His ____ son often go to see him on Sunday.
A. eldest B. older
C. the eldest D. the older ( ) 4 He is two years ___ than I.
A. elder B. smaller C. younger D. less
形容词答案
1 . 1-5 D A C A B 16. 1-3 D A D
2. 1-6 C C B D A B 17. 1-3 B A C
3. 1-6 A A D B D D 18. 1-5 C D D D B
4. 1-4 B B C C 19. 1-4 A B A D
5. 1-3 A D A 20. 1-4 C C A C
6. 1-4 D A C C
7. 1-3 B C B
8. 1-3 A B A
9 .1-5 B D B A B
10. 1-6 C D C D D A
11. 1-3 C B D
12. 1-4 C A B D
13. 1-3 A B B
14. 1-5 C C B D D
15. 1-5 C C B B D

口诀:一者比较用原级,比较级限二者比,三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起;若甲乙程度相同,as…as结构体;若甲某方面不及乙, not so/as…as来担起;中间形、副连接要切记!
例:1、--our English is very good.
——But my brother learns it much______than I do.(’97山东)
A. good B.well C. better D. best
【析】在英语中,a little,a lot,much,even等词可以用来修饰形容词或
副词的比较级,故本题的正确答案是C项。
2.Don‘t worry. Your granny will get_______ (’98昆明)
A.well and well B.better and better
C.well and better D.good and well
【析】表示"越来越……"可以采用"比较级+比较级"或"more and
more+原级"的结构,如果是单音节的形容词或副词,则用前一结构;如果是
多音节词,则可以用后一种结构,故本题的正确答案是B。
3.China is one of________ in the world.(‘98山西)
A.the oldest country B.the oldest countries
C.much older country D.much older countries
【析】在英语中,要表示"其中最……的之一",应使用"one of+形
容词的最高级形式+名词的复数形式"。根据题意,本题应选B项。
4.The girl doesn’t run________ the boy.(‘98广州)
A. much faster as B. as faster as
C. more fast than D. so fast as
【析】在英语中,可以使用"as…as"表示"两者在某方面一样";用"not
so/as……as"表示"两者在某方面不一样",以上两种结构都必须使用形容
词或副词的原级。由以上分析可知本题的D项最符合题意。
5.LiLei writes ______ of all the students in our class.
A. more carefully B. the most careful C. more careful D. most carefully
【析】在这道题中,有的学生选B,只想到了用最高级形式,而忽略了write是实义动词应用副词,也有的学生认为D的前边应该加the ,这就属于对知识的掌握不够熟练或忘了副词的最高级前边的the可加可省,所以做题一定要考虑周全,避免会的题失分。答案为D.
中考英语 形容词与副词比较级最高级用法透视
一、考纲搜索：
熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good, well, many, much 等不规则变化。
熟练运用所学句型表示两者和三者或三者以上人或事物的比较
初步掌握用much, a little等副词修饰比较等级的用法
二、真题再现
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与最高级的知识，两者之间用比较级，而三者或三者以上用最高级，北京有四季，因此本题应选择最高级。又因为形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，因此答案为D。
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest
解析：正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾，"the sun, the moon or the earth",提问的对象为三者，应该选择最高级。
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析：正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than，than一词是比较级的标志。
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析：正确答案为B。该题与第三题相似，核心词为than。
三、命题揭密
2006年中考对形容词与副词比较级、最高级的考查依然是重点内容。同学们除了要熟练掌握比较级与最高级最基本的形式之外，其特殊用法更是出题的热点，要重点掌握。
四、重点提示
除了最基本的形式之外，形容词的原级，比较级与最高级还以其它一些特别形式存在，这往往就是容易设题的地方，同学们一定要重点掌握：
1)原级有相同也有倍数
1>当比较的对象A与 B情况对比相同时，要使用以下结构：
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词/ 副词原形+as+从句。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
2>原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为"为….若干倍",当与有表示倍
数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+as…as…,或倍数词+more… than…即:
This river is twice as long as that one. 这条河的长度是那条河的两倍。
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year seven times more than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康危害如此之大以致于由它所导致的人口死亡是其他事故的7倍之多。
2) 常见比较级五句型
1> Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Who is taller, Tom or John?
Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?
2> ~ + be + the 比较级 + of the two. (两个之中比较…的那一个，~包含在两个之中)
Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.
3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级
A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。
4> "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...", 表示 " 越... 就越..."。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
5> " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
3) 最高级不一定就是第一
1> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高？
Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 自行车，摩托车和汽车，哪一个最贵？
2> ~ + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词, 表示"最……的……之一"。
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
3> "…+ be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围", 表示"……是…….的第几……"。
She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。
4> ~ + be + the 最高级 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词.
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书

三、常见形容词的比较级和最高级有哪些

　　规则变化:

　　fast→faster→fastest

　　big→bigger→biggest

　　hot→hotter→hottes

　　dry→drier→driest

　　calm→ calmer →calmest

　　wild →wilder→ wildest

　　serious→ more serious→ most serious

　　athletic→ more athletic →most athletic

　　necessary→ more necessary →most necessary

　　poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest

　　famous: →more famous,→ most famous

　　quick:→ quicker →quickest

　　early:→ earlier →earliest

　　free →freer(freeer这个不常用)→ freest

　　weak:→ weaker,→ weakest

　　angry:→ angrier→ angriest

　　不规则变化：

　　Expensive—more expensive—most expensive

　　high,higher,highest large,larger,largest

　　wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest

　　delicious,more delicious,most delicious

　　heavy,heavier,heaviest

　　dry,drier,driest

　　easy easier easiest

　　lazy lazier laziest

　　pretty prettier prettiest

　　naughty naughtier naughtiest

　　mealy mealier mealiest

　　early earlier earliest

　　thirsty thirstier thirstiest

　　far→farther→farthest

　　far→further→furthest

　　Dull—duller--dullest

　　Loud-louder--loudest

　　Boring—more boring—most boring

　　Creative—more creative—most creative

　　Warm---warmer--warmest

　　good / well→better→best

　　bad / ill→worse→worst

　　many / much→more→most

　　little→less→least

　　late→later→ / latest

　　late→latter→last

　　【拓展】关于形容词和副词的比较级

　　一、含义

　　1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best

　　2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。

　　3. 加more/most ~的情况：

　　①.部分双音节和多音节词；

　　②.-ed/ing结尾的词；

　　③ adj+ly→adv.

　　4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad

　　二．比较级基本句型：

　　↗连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.

　　1．主语+对比成分

　　↘实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.

　　2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：

　　3.adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”

　　… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如…一样……”

　　4…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.

　　5. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越…

　　The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.

　　6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？”

　　e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?

　　7. the+比较级+of the（ two ）: 两者中较…的一个

　　Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .

　　8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.

　　9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。

　　e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one.

　　注意：

　　1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。

　　2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.

　　3.than 后的比较状语结构：

　　英语语法顺口溜：形容词和副词的比较级口诀

　　一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。

　　若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。

　　若甲乙程度相同，as…as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用 not so/as…as表示。上述内容全记起，比较等级谈完毕。

　　英文中的形容词和副词一般都有三种级的'形式即：原级(The Positive Degree)，比较级(The Comparative Degree)和最高级(The Superlative Degree)。

　　1) 同级比较往往由"as + 形容词/ 副词的原形 + as"的句式表达;当然也要注意它的否定形式、以及在第一个as前加倍数或程度副词的情况。

　　2)"比较级 + than"引导不同级的比较。"比较级" 前同样可以加倍数或程度副词。另外"no more …than"意思是"A和B一样不……" 。

　　3) 形容词的最高级前一般必须有定冠词the;但是也有不加定冠词the的几种情况。

　　一、 同级比较中有两种情况：

　　A 表示双方情况"一模一样"，用as + 原级 + as的结构;

　　B 表示双方情况"不(那么)一样"，用not so / as + 原级 + as的结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词;在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格(一般不要接代词的宾格)。例如：

　　My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。

　　His bedroom is not as neat as his sister's. 他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。

　　It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么热。

　　在as … as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as 。例如：

　　He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。

　　二、形容词比较级的用法:

　　形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:

　　主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。

　　Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。

　　It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。

　　This picture is more beautyful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。

　　The sun is much larger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。

　　三、形容词最高级的用法:

　　形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:

　　主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

　　She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。

　　Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。