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今天小编给各位分享if虚拟语气的知识,文中也会对其通过中学六年,都没弄清楚虚拟语气,直到看了这个语法知识总结!和初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态等多篇文章进行知识讲解,如果文章内容对您有帮助,别忘了关注本站,现在进入正文!
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一、中学六年,都没弄清楚虚拟语气,直到看了这个语法知识总结!
虚拟语气讲解:
英语中的各种语气:
1, 陈述语气: I like apples 我喜欢苹果。(肯定)
I don't like apples我不喜欢苹果(否定)
2, 疑问语气: What's your name?你叫什么名字?
Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果?
3,祈使语气: Open the door 打开门
3, 虚拟语气: If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她。
虚拟语气结构讲解:
1, 与现在的事实相反:从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+动词原形
例如;If I had time ,the classroom would be so clean 如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净。
2, 与过去的事实相反:主句用would/could/should/might/+have+ done , 从句中过去完成时
例如;If I had finished my homework ,I would have passed that test
如果当时我完成了我的做,我就能够通过我的考试了。
3, 与将来的事实相反:主句用:should/could/would/might/+动词原形,从句用should do (可能性最大),过去式(可能性一般)were to do (可能性最小)
If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,明天我将对一个雪人
If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,明天我将堆一个雪人
If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,我将对一个雪人
虚拟语气的倒装形式
If I had worked hard ,I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了。
=Had I worked hard ,I would have finished it
If it should snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman 如果明天下月,我将会对雪人
Should it snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
=Were it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法
1,I lifted the chair so that I could be seen 我举起椅子就是为了能被看见 (状语从句)
状语从句中常见连接词:as if 好像,as though 好像,in order that 为了,for fear that 生怕,
In case 万一,lest 以防万一,
2,主语从句: It is +形容词 +that+ 主语+(should+动词原形),should可以省略
It is very important that we (should )study English every day 我们每天学习英语是很重要的。
4, 宾语从句;I wish I would visit the moon我祝愿自己能有一天拜访月球。
I would rather you had helped me out two days ago 我倒想你能在两天前帮助我
宾语从句常见句型: 主语+常见动词+that+ 主语+ should+动词原形
I suggest that you should do your homework 我建议你应该做你的作业。
表语从句;He looked as if he had been here for many years 他看起来好像已经很多年了。
同位语从句:
I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week 我提议下周召开一次会议
虚拟语气常见词汇:,demand 要求,require 要求,proposal提议,advise 建议,order 命令,suggest建议
虚拟语气的其他用法:
祝愿: Long live peace 和平万岁
It is (high)time that+ 主语+ should/过去式
It's time that we had a break 我们早该休息了
It's (high)time that we should protect ourselves 我们是时候保护我们自己了。
一、初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态
虚拟语气也有人叫虚拟语态,初中的 英语学习 过程中,同学们或许有这样的疑惑:什么是虚拟语气?该怎么使用虚拟语气?有问题是好的,在问题中学习,在问题中成长,下面为大家准备了初中英语知识点 总结 之虚拟语气,一起学习。
初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态
虚拟,在汉语中表示一种假设的,不存在的情况,同样,英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在初中阶段,虚拟语气一般用于下列情况:
一、条件状语从句
初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语气
1、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)
2、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,从句:主语+had done , 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done ,例如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:去晚了)
3、与将来事实相反
从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do
②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do
例如:If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小)
注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:
一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;
二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);
三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:
I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。
二、wish 后宾语从句
1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 。例如:
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done 例如:
I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)
3、表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词:should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形
I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
常见考法
对于虚拟语气的考查,在单项和完形填空中出现的较多,在阅读理解中,也常会出现虚拟语气的 句子 。我们掌握了虚拟语气的用法,会帮助我们更好的理解短文。
典型例题:Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill, wouldn't be
B. had been ill, wouldn't have been
C. had been ill, should have been
D. hadn't been ill, could be
解析: 题干的意思是“ Mary今天病了,如果她没生病,今天她就会去上学了”。因为第一句说,Mary今天病了,所以本题考查的是与现在情况相反的事情,因之,主句用would、should、could+动词原型,从句用一般过去时。
答案:A
误区提醒
1、在学习虚拟语气的时候,要对过去、 现在、 将来的虚拟的做出正确的判断。
2、一定要记住,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式,动词be要用were。
典型例题:I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell, if it had been
B. must have told, were it
C. should have told, had it been
D. should have told, should it be
解析:先分开看此题,由于设空处在主句,所以先看主句,因为由主句看不出题目所表达的具体时间,所以再看从句,此从句是由but引导的转折句,所表达的时态是一般过去时,意为“我那时很忙”,所以,主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情,因之,主句用could、should、would+动词原形,从句用过去完成时。
答案:C
初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态相关 文章 :
1. 初中英语常用知识点总结
2. 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总
3. 初中英语知识点总结归纳3篇
4. 初中的英语知识点总结
5. 初中英语五种语法知识点总结
6. 初中英语语法知识点总结
7. 初中英语语法总结
8. 2018中考英语重点知识点总结
9. 初中英语动词的知识点总结
二、虚拟语气用法总结
老师叮咛:李辉老师说,语法填空这种题型,考点极其固定,因为百年以来英语语法都没发生过巨大的变化。高考语法考点本来就有限,能用填空这种形式来考的语法考点就更有限了。只要掌握知识点,考试必须妥妥的!下面的虚拟语气“很重要”!经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错,可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!一、语气概述
时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。
eg:
①He doesn ’ t see very well in his right eye. 他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气)
②Have they ever been to Australia ? 他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气)
③Please read through the instruction in advance. 请先通读说明书。(祈使语气)
二、虚拟语气概述
在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。
三、虚拟语气的定义
如果一件事不是真实的,而是虚拟的,就在这个动词身上加一个did。
四、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
A.由 If 引导的两种条件句:
真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则)
非真实条件句(虚拟语气)
以下为 If 在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法:
eg:
① If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .
如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反)
② You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .
如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)
③ If I were to / should do i t ,I would do it in different way.
如果我做这件事,我将用不同的方法做。(与将来事实相反)
注意:在非正式文体中,如果 If 条件句中有助动词 were / should / had 可将其提于主语之前(位于句首),再把 If 省掉,即形成部分倒装。
当主从句所表示的时间不一致时,主从句按各自的时间采用相应的谓语形式。
常见的有:
①If I were you ... = Were I you ... 如果我是你/我要是你......
② If it were not for ... = Were it not for ... 如果要不是......
③ If it had not been for ...=Had it not been for ... 如果当时要不是......
(③主句用: should / could / would / might + have done 的形式,ps.在此结构中,had为助动词。若为谓语动词,则不能省略、倒装。)
B.错综时间条件句
主句和从句不是一个时间平台,需要分别在三个时间平台里“选形式”。
从过完用had done,主过将用would do
从用should / were to,主过将完用would have done
eg:
① If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better.
如果天气更好的话,庄稼就会长得跟好些。(从句指过去,主句指现在)
②If I were you ,I would have taken his advice.
我要是你,我就采取了他的建议。(从句指现在,主句指过去)
C.含蓄虚拟条件句(if省略句)
有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出了,而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were / should / had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
(1)省略if
Step1:去掉if。
Step2:助系情提到主语之前。
• Were I you, I would go.
• Had I known about the party, I would have come.
• Should I go abroad, I would buy you a gift.
注意:在虚拟主句中,主语只有是第一人称时,才能用should。
(2)根本没有if
有些句子里,没有if,但是有but for(若不是)/ without / under / otherwise / but / or / but that(若不是)等,此时可把它们看做虚拟条件句,然后根据时间平台,选择主句的动词形式。
• Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
= If you didn’t help me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
=But for your help, I would not have passed this exam.
• I don’t have your telephone number, otherwise / or I would have called you back.
= If I had your number, I would have called you back.
• What would you do with a million dollars?
=What would you do if you had a million dollars?
D.wish,as if / though和 if only 用法
(1)wish用法如下:
1.表示与现在相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...
eg: I wish I were a bird.
2.表示与过去相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)...had done...
eg: I wish I had seen the film.
(注意:如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时,有
时也可用:主语+wish(that)...would / could have done)
3.表示与将来相反的愿望: 主语 + wish (that)... could / would / might do
eg: I wish you would do that again.
(2)由 as if/though引导的表语从句
虚拟:同wish用法;be在第一,三人称可用were / was。
陈述:表示可能发生的几率很大或被假设为真实的。
(3)If only...引导的条件句
(常用感叹的形式)表示强烈的不满,遗憾或愿望,主句常省略,意为:“要是 / 如果......该多好啊 / 就好了!”。(注意:“only if ...”意为:“只要......”,位于句首时采用部分倒装。)
eg:
①If only I could see him once more ! 我要是再见到他就好了!
②If only we had telephoned him in advance ! 要是事先给他打个电话就好了!
E. Suppose / Supposing / providing / provided (that)... / what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中(有时无主句),表示与现在或将来事实相反用 did ;表示与过去相反用 had done 。
eg:
①Suppose / Supposing (that) we told her the truth. 假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。
②What if you came tomorrow instead of today. 如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢?
F.would rather后的宾语从句:表示愿望或尚未发生的动作。
had / would sooner / rather + that...从句中意为“宁愿”,用did(be动词用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟;用had done表示对过去的虚拟。
eg:
①She will get home at dinner time, but I would rather she got home a little earlier.
②He got drunk last night. I ’ d rather he hadn ’ t drunk so much.
五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 (should 类虚拟语气 )
即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时,后面的从句用 (should)+V 原/ should have done的形式。但注意,若从句中含有“竟然,惊讶,诧异 ” 之意时, “ should ” 则不可以省。
(常见简记:一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求) 其他同下述用法:urge / propose
insist
order / command
advise / suggest / recommend +(that) sb. (should) do
ask / require / request / demand
eg:
①The teacher suggested that we (should) make good use of every minute.
②He ordered that all the book (should) be sent at once.
③She insisted that she (should) go to the south for her holiday.
注意:
六、 副词性从句中的虚拟语气
A.as if / though用法
虽同wish,但也有一些区别,如下:
as if / though从句时态不受主句限制 。
①在谈论现在情形时用一般过去时。
②在谈论过去情形时用:
Ⅰ.一般过去时:表示过去当时存在的某种状态,但若状态动词后带有持续的时间状语,则要用过去完成时。
eg:
①They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们谈起话来,好像是多年的朋友。
②He looked at me as if I were mad. 他看着我,好像我疯了似的。
Ⅱ.过去完成时: 表过去的动作先于主句而发生,即使主句是现在时,as if 从句中的谓语动词也要用 had done。
eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它闻起来好像坏了。
③在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might)+do
B.in case / lest / for fear that表“以防,以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气,其后的形为:(should)+
V原 (但注意in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述,即用: 一般现在时或过去时。
C.even if / though “ 即使/纵然/虽然 ”
虚拟:同 if 用法相同。(方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)
陈述:表示真实情况。
七、形容词性从句中的虚拟语气
八、 虚拟语气固定句型
1. Would you mind+主语 + 谓语虚拟? 您是否介意 …?
2. would rather (that) 主语 + 谓语虚拟 宁愿 …
3. It is high time that sb. d id / (should) do sth. 到某人做某事的时间
4. It is necessary / important / essential / strange / natural /
advisable / surprising that sb. (should) do sth .
5. It is a pity / duty / shame / regret that sb. (should) do sth.
6 But for / Without + sth. +主语+谓语虚拟 要不是…
7. If only+主语 + 谓语虚拟 要是…就好了!
8.主句+ as if / as though +主语+谓语虚拟 就好像…
九、情态动词+have done
could / mig ht have done 本来能做却没做
s hould / ought to have done 本该做而实际上没做(抱怨和责备)
should not / ought not to have done 本不该做而做了
needn ’ t have done 本不必做而做了
十、虚拟语气的其他用法
(1)表示过去本打算做而实际上没有做。
句型:had done (be / intend / think / mean / plan / hope etc) to do
= V-ed + to have done ,would love / like to have done
(2)had hoped表过去未实现的愿望,译为“要想,希望 … ”,从句谓语常用“would +V原”。
eg: He had hoped that the family would come before his granny came.———2013年湖北高考
(3)may(might) as well + V原 ,译为“不妨,倒不如”,表示劝说、建议、劝告。
若其后带有某种消极情绪时,常用:might.
[if !supportLists](4) [endif] 表示祝愿、命令的简单句中。常用“may +主语+动词原形”。
eg:
①Long may you live.
②May you have a good journey!
(5)表示对过去事情的懊悔时,谓语用“should + have + 过去分词”。
eg: You should have returned the money to Mary.
十一、 虚拟语气解题常用技巧
1.找固定句型 。
2.主过将从过 ; 主过将完从过完 。
十二、虚拟用法形式总结
含三种:
①所有含if的从句(除what if … 外)。
②wish从句。
含两种:
①某些特殊连词后的条件句。
②what if … 从句。
③would rather从句。
④定从中的虚拟。
含一种:
①含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done / do)。
②名词性从句(除 wish 外)与表“ 以防 ”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。
三、虚拟语气的用法总结
以下是我为大家 总结 的虚拟语气的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握英语中虚拟语气的用法,提高英语水平。
一、虚拟语气的使用范围:
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。
二、虚拟语气的判断:
1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的 句子 为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:
(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如:
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩 网球 了。
(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如:
If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。
(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should
(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。 例如:
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。
2 . 宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法。
(1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:
I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如:
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如:
I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。
注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。例如:
He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。
3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。
(1) It be + 形容词 + that... (should)...。用于该句型的形容词有:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如:
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
(2) It be + 过去分词 + that... (should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如:
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。
(3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如:
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。
(4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为:should + 动词原形,连接从句的that不能省略。例如:
My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。
4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。这时,如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如:
If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. → Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟,她就会看见她的老朋友了。
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虚拟语气的用法总结相关 文章 :
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2. prefer to do rather than do的正确用法
3. advice的短句及用法归纳
4. 动词insist 的用法归纳
5. 动词be常考知识点
6. advise的用法
7. 英语单词for的用法(2)
8. 情态动词shall和should的用法
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