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中考英语,对定语从句的考查,很多同学就错在这三个难点上

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今天小编给各位分享初中定语从句讲解的知识,文中也会对其通过中考英语,对定语从句的考查,很多同学就错在这三个难点上和定语从句重难点等多篇文章进行知识讲解,如果文章内容对您有帮助,别忘了关注本站,现在进入正文!

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  • 中考英语,对定语从句的考查,很多同学就错在这三个难点上
  • 定语从句重难点
  • 中考英语知识点提纲
  • 求问如何学习初中英语中的定语从句
  • 一、中考英语,对定语从句的考查,很多同学就错在这三个难点上

    定语从句,‍‌‍‌‍是初中英语至关重要的语法知识点也中考英语的命题热点之一。但是经常听见学生抱怨说,定语从句能听明白,怎么做题的时候就判断不准呢?

    其实,主要原因,一方面是定语从句的语法点太多太细,一些同学掌握不全面;另一方面是有几个难理解的点,没有真正理解;还有一个原因就是纸上谈兵缺少针对语法点的练习。

    在遇到定语从句单项选择题或者完形填空题的时候,不少同学由于对关系副词和关系代词的用法把握不当,导致错选丢分‍‌‍。

    对此,给同学们总结了下面这三个难点,供大家备考查缺补漏。

    一、关系副词

    同学们都知道,关系副词when,where,why 在定语从句中主要用作状语,这是中考英语定语从句常见的考点之一。

    一般来说,when修饰时间,用作时间状语;where修饰地点,作地点状语;why修饰原因,作原因状语。同学们试着做下面三道题:

    定语从句解题思路:

    1)找到先行词;

    2)还原先行词到从句中,分析先行词在从句中做什么成分;

    3)选择正确的关系词。

    就拿上面这三道题来说,先行词分别是the village,the year,in the park;第1题的先行词the village还原到从句中变成:His family lived in the village 10 years ago.可知做地点状语;同样第2题的先行词the year,还原到从句中做时间状语;在看第3题in the park,虽然是地点名词,但是在从句中做visited的宾语,而不是状语。所以正确答案为C,C,A,大家做对了吗?

    二、关系代词

    关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。主要的关系代词有who/whom/that/

    whose/which等。具体用法在人生底色看语文的前期文章有讲过,这里不再重复。重点看下面三道题:

    考点分析:

    第4题的考点是:当先行词为疑问代词who, which或者先行词既有人又有物,定语从句关系代词只能用that,而本题的先行词是the persons and some pictures既有人又有物,所以关系单词用that。

    第5题的考点是,当先行词或被序数词和形容词最高级修饰,或先行词是all, much, few, none, something, anything等不定代词时,用关系代词that,本题的先行词drinks前面有最高级修饰,所以只能用关系代词that。

    第6题考查“该句中的先行词the young lady 被关系代词whom代替在从句子中作talk with的宾语,故正确答案为D。

    三、关系词与其他知识的综合考查

    定语从句引导的关系词与其他知识的综合考查,难度大,综合性和干扰性强,稍不注意,就会出现解题错误。所以,同学们在做定语从句题时,必务要认真审题,把握题意,仔细分析句子结构,做出正确的选择。

    考点分析:

    第7题查定语从句关系代词与主谓一致的用法。先确定先行词为songs指物,所以关系代词可以用which或that表示,由于先行词songs为复数,根据主谓一致原则,定语从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式,答案为C。

    第8题题考查定语从句的关系代词和非谓语动词的把握。先行词the cartoon为物,关系代词用which或that,再由make sb. do sth.这个固定句式,可知正确答案为A。

    在初中英语定语从句的学习中,同学们要注意熟练掌握用法,适当加强题型训练,从而夯实英语基础,提高做题的正确率和得分率。

    总之,想要突破定语从句题,同学们除了要掌握定语从句的基本用法,明确考查要点,还要注重这方面的强化训练,在训练中总结做题技巧,这样在考试时才不会惊慌失措,丢失分数。

    更多练习同学们可以参考下面这本语法讲练,这是可以自学的语法书,希望对你有用。

    巨微英语2020版初中语法逐条细解中考英语语法大全解重点 ¥43.88 购买

    初中英语,掌握这五种方法,快速提高英语成绩

    如何快速学好英语语法,值得你收藏

    初中英语,语法到底怎么学?

    初中英语,动词不定式用法全面解析

    一、定语从句重难点

      定语从句重难点

      1. 做定语从句试题的基本方法

      In fact the man didn’t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French.

      A. where         B. who           C. in which       D. which

      此题应选 D。从句子成分看, 修饰 questions 的定语从句缺主语, 所以不能选 A(where), C(inwhich)。又因为这里的先行词(questions)是指事不是指人, 所以只能选D(which)不能选B(who)。

      考生在做定语从句试题时, 大体上要分清以下几点:

      1. 是定语从句还是其它从句( 从句意和句法 功能等方面去考虑)。

      2. 是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法 功能。一般说来, 关系代词(that, which, who, whom 等)主要用作主语和宾语;关系副词(when, where, why)主要用作状语;作定语时用whose。

      3. 受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人(who, whom, that) 还是指物(that, which);是作主语(who, that, which)还是作宾语(which, whom, who)等。

      4. 关系代词可否省略(在通常情况下, 只有限制性定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略)。

      5. 是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 (关系代词that以及关系副词why等均不能引导非限制性定语从句)。

      6. 在“介词+which”结构中, 介词的正确选择(主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配)。

      2. 能用what引导定语从句吗

      He told me all ______ he had seen there.

      A. that           B. which          C. what          D. when

      此题应选A。容易误选C。这里的B(which), D(when)比较好排除。

      选项B错, 因为当先行词为不定代词 all, little, much等时, 要用关系代词 that, 不用which。

      选项D错, 因为它是关系副词, 只能在定语从句中作状语, 而这里的定语从句缺宾语(即seen缺宾语), 所以不能选D。

      至于选项C(what), 是考生最容易出错的, 这是因为考生在平时的阅读中, 经常可以见到类似这样的句子:

      He told me all he had seen there.

      He told me what he had seen there.

      由于没有完全理解, 结果将以上两类句型混在一起。

      选项C错的原因在于what不是关系词, 所以它不能引导定语从句。但值得注意的是:what有时相当于“名词(先行词)+关系代词”:

      他把一切都给了我。

      正:He gave me what he had.

      正:He gave me everything that he had.

      这就是你要的东西。

      正:This is what you want.

      正:This is the thing that you want.

      以上实例告诉我们, what 有时相当于“先行词+关系代词”, 同时这也告诉我们, 这样用的 what 前不能再有先行词(即:what不能引导定语从句)。

      3. 不要一见到时间或地点名词就用where, when

      a. I will never forget the days ______ I lived in the country.

      b. I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the country.

      A. that, that       B. when, when     C. that, when      D. when, that

      此题应选D。容易误选B。考生往往错误地认为, 时间或地点名词后的定语从句就一定要用关系副词when或where 来引导。注意在选择关系副词when 时, 考生要明确两个问题:一是先行词是否是指时间或地点的.名词, 二是when, where在定语从句中是否用作状语。

      a句中的定语从句主语和宾语齐全, 所以可用表时间的状语(when), 而b句中的定语从句, 显然 spent缺宾语, 所以选关系代词that。

      考生从以上分析中应明确这样一点:选择关系词时一定要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。尤其是当先行词为表时间或地点的名词时, 千万不要想当然地认为一定要用关系副词when和where来引导定语从句。再如:

      1. a. This is the school ____ I studied last year.

      b. This is the school ____ I visited last year.

      A. that, that        B. where, where

      C. that, where      D. where, that

      2. a. I still remember the time ____ he was born.

      b. I still remember the time ____ he told me.

      A. that, that        B. when, when

      C. that, when      D. when, that

      答案:1. D 2. D

      4. that与which

      a. Those are the very words ______ he used.

      b. This is the question about ______ we’ve had so much discussion.

      A. that, that       B. which, which    C. that, which     D. which, that

      此题应选C。关于先行词是指物的名词时, 其定语从句是用that还是用which来引导, 情况比较复杂:在通常情况下, 两者有时可换用;但有时只用which(主要是引导非限制性定语从句和直接放在介词后作宾语);而有时则只用that 而不用which, 主要有以下情况:

      1. 先行词是下列不定代词或受其修饰时 all, much, few, little, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等:

      All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。

      2. 先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时:

      This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

      3. 先行词有最高级或序数词(包括last, next)等修饰时:

      This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

      4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时:

      China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

      5. 先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:

      We talked about the persons and things that most impressed us. 他们谈论了我们印象最深的人和事。

      5. who 与 that

      Who ______ has seen him do not like him?

      A. that           B. who           C. he            D. she

      此题应选A。其余几项均有可能被选。当先行词指人时, 引导定语从句是用who还是用that, 主要应注意以下几点:

      1. 在通常情况下, 两者常可换用。

      2. 在下列情况, 两者都可用, 但用that比who更常见:

      (1) 先行词是all, nobody, no one, someone, anyone等时:

      All that heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲 话的人都很高兴。

      Have you met anybody that has been to Paris? 你 遇见过去过巴黎的人吗?

      (2) 先行词受序数词, 最高级以及only, same等修饰时:

      He’s the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中间唯一懂法语的人。

      3. 在下列情况通常只用that:

      (1) 当先行词是一既指人又指物的并列词组时:

      He made a speech on the men and things that he’d

      seen abroad. 他就在国外见到的人和事作了报告。

      (2) 当先行词是who时:

      Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?

      有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?

      (3) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时:

      Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

      6. 是非限制性定语从句还是并列句

      —He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.

      —It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.

      A. these, them     B. which, which    C. those, which    D. which, them

      此题应选 D。很容易误选A, B。选对该题的关键是:要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句, 所以其后填which), 而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句, 所以其后填them)。请做以下类似题(注意and, but等的有无):

      1. a. He has two sons, but neither of ___is clever.

      b. He has two sons, neither of ____ is clever.

      A. them, them      B. whom, whom

      C. them, whom     D. whom, them

      2. a. Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of____ was spent helping the poor.

      b. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of____ was spent helping the poor.

      A. it, it           B. which, which    C. it, which        D. which, it

      类似地, 以下一题也与but, and这类词的有无相关:

      3. ____many times, but he still couldn’t remember.

      A. Having been told  B. Being told

      C. Having told      D. He was told

      答案:1. C 2. D 3. D

      7. 你会用关系代词as吗

      Don’t make friends with such young men ______ don’t work hard.

      A. that           B. as            C. who           D. they

      此题应选B。容易误选A, C。句中的as是关系代词, 句意为:不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可换成:

      正:Don’t make friends with young men who [that] don’t work hard.

      正:Don’t make friends with those young men who [that] don’t work hard.

      as用作关系代词(用作主语或宾语), 主要用法如下:

      1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引导限制性定语从句:

      Don’t talk about such things as you don’t under-stant. 不要谈你不懂的东西。

      Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praisedhim. 听过他谈话的人都称赞他。

      I told him the same story as you told me. 我给他讲的故事与你给我讲的故事一样。

      2. 单独用作关系代词, 引导非限制性定语从句, 可放在主句之前(常译为“正如”)或之后(常译为“这一点”):

      As has been said before, grammar is not a set ofdead rules. 正如前面所说, 语法不是一套死规则。

      He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from hisaccent. 他是个外国人, 这从他的口音可以得知。

      If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, wewill not receive him. 如果他再像以往那样迟到, 我们就不接待他了。

      8. the way后可接how引导的定语从句吗

      That is ______ the boy spoke to the teacher.

      A. how           B. the way how     C. that           D. which

      此题应选 A。容易误选B。误认为the way(表方式)后应接how引导的定语从句(因为how可用来表方式)。

      其实考生只要回忆一下我们学过的关系副词便知道:在现代英语中关系副词只有when(表时间), where(表地点), why(表原因)等几个, 根本没有how这个关系副词, 所以它自然就不能引导定语从句。要表示类似本题的意思, 可用以下句型:

      那就是他说话的样子。

      正:That’s how he spoke. (表语从句)

      正:That’s the way he spoke.

      正:That’s the way (that) he spoke.

      正:That’s the way (in which) he spoke.

      误:That’s the way how he spoke.

      我不喜欢他那样笑她。

      正:I don’t like the way he laughs at her.

      正:I don’t like the way(that) he laughs at her.

      正:I don’t like the way (in which) he laughs at her.

      误:I don’t like the way how he laughs at her.

      他同我们说话的方式值得怀疑。

      正:The way he spoke to us was suspicious.

      正:The way (that) he spoke to us was suspicious.

      正:The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.

      误:The way how he spoke to us was suspicious.

      9. whose可以指物吗

      I saw some trees ______ leaves were black with disease.

      A. its            B. whose         C. his            D. the

      此题应选B。容易误选A。许多考生认为, 关系代词whose和who, whom一样, 只能指人, 不能指物。

      事实上, 用作关系代词的 whose 与 who, whom不一样, 它不仅可以指人也可以指物(用作定语):

      There are some students whose questions I can’tanswer. 有些学生的问题我不能回答。

      Can you see the mountain whose top is coveredwith snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗?

      Here is a word whose meaning escapes me. 这里有一个词, 我一下想不起它是什么意思了。

      当先行词为物时, 其后引导定语从句的 whose+n. 也可换成 the+n. +of which / ofwhich+the+n. :

      窗户破了的那座房子是空的。

      正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.

      正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.

      正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.

      但是如果 whose所修饰的名词中心词之前有数词或其它限定词, 则不用 whose, 而用of which:

      There I saw a large talbe, two legs of which were broken. 在那里我看见有一张大桌子, 其中有两条腿断了。

      10. 不要在定语从句使用与关系代词同义的人称代词

      —This is the book that I have read ______ dozens of times.

      —But I have never read ______.

      A. it, ×           B. ×, it           C. it, it           D. ×, ×

      此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 thebook 的定语从句, 此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语, 因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。

      在做有关定语从句的试题时, 考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词:

      我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。

      误:The film we saw it last night was wonderful.

      正:The film we saw last night was wonderful.

      刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁?

      误:Who’s the man you just talked to him?

      正:Who’s the man you just talked to?

      你昨天借给我的书很有趣。

      误:The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting.

      正:The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting.

      他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。

      误:He is the man whose his wife died last year.

      正:He is the man whose wife died last year.

      11. 要分清是定语从句还是其它从句

      —Is this room ______ he lived in last year?

      —Is this the room ______ he lived in last year?

      A. that, that       B. the one, the one C. that, the one    D. the one, that

      此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析, 我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置):

      (1) This room is _____ he lived in last year.

      (2) This is the room ____he lived in last year.

      第1)句填the one, 用作表语, 其后的 (that) he livedin last year是用以修饰the one 的定语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词), 而是表语从句。

      但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分, 而其后的介词in又缺宾语, 所以导致错误。

      第2)句填 that, 它是关系代词, 用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。

      请做以下类例试题:

      (1) —Is this the book _____ you want to buy?

      —Is this book _____ you want to buy?

      A. that, that        B. the one, the one

      C. that, the one     D. the one, that

      (2) —Is this room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?

      —Is this the room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?

      A. that, that        B. the one, the one

      C. that, the one     D. the one, that

      答案:1. C 2. D


    二、中考英语知识点提纲

    在 学习英语 的过程中,按照常理去做,就可能成功。当然,成功与否还取决于"努力"。如何学好英语是所有家长及孩子的所犯愁的事,下面我给大家分享一些中考英语知识点提纲,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!

    中考英语知识点提纲

    一.英语语法重点与难点

    1、 as…as…结构:

    You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.

    你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

    2、 (1)too…to与 so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:

    The man was too angry to be able to speak.

    The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.

    (2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换:

    He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

    The book is too difficult for me to read.=

    The book is not easy enough for me to read.

    3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义:

    约翰不象迈克那么苯。

    John is not so stupid as Mike.

    John is less stupid than Mike.

    John is cleverer than Mike.

    4、 用比较级表示级:约翰是班里的男生。

    John is taller than any other boy in the class.

    John is the tallest boy in the class.

    5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:

    The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

    The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

    6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”:

    More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

    Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

    二.中考考点—词组

    1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思

    after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的 句子 中

    如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的

    in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中

    如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走

    2. how long, how often, how soon

    how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?

    how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。

    how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?

    3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

    few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”

    few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词

    several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思

    some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量

    4. the other, another

    the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood>

    another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书

    5. spend, take, cost, pay

    spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书

    take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

    cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

    pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

    6. among, between

    between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)

    7. beat, win

    这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

    win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

    8. agree with, agree to

    agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

    agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

    9. bring, take, carry,fetch

    这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

    bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

    take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。

    carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。

    fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

    10. each, every

    两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。

    11. none

    none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。

    12. too much, much too

    二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词/副词,不可修饰动词。如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。

    too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法

    (1)作名词词组 如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

    (2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Don’t drink too

    much wine. 不要饮太多的酒

    (3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much. 她说话太多

    13. happen, take place与occur

    happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!

    occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

    事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

    take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。

    14. in front of, in the front of

    in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

    in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板

    15. noise, voice, sound

    这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

    sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声

    noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。

    voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权。

    16. arrive, get, reach

    三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?

    get之后通常接介词to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

    reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。

    三.情态动词

    1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法

    [考点快忆] 表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”,may“也许;可能”,might“或许”;表示否定推测的情态动词有:can't“不可能”, couldn't“不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。

    2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语

    [考点快忆] 回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustn't 或can't。

    3.考查情态动词的意义

    [考点快忆] must “必须”;have to“不得不”;need “必须;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“将;会;愿意;要”;should“应当”。

    “had better (not) + 动词原形”表示建议;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did。

    四. There be 的句子结构

    There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

    肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

    be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:

    There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser

    (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

    否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。

    There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

    There aren't any books

    (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语

    肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.

    -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

    -Yes, there is. 有。

    -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

    -No, there aren't. 没有。

    (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

    某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

    有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

    -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

    (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语

    How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

    五. 中考对定语从句的考查:

    1.定语从句的功用和结构

    在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

    This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

    2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

    关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

    <1>. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

    I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

    The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

    <2>. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

    The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

    <3>. 作定语

    关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

    What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

    The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

    <4>. 作状语

    I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

    三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

    1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

    The person who broke the window must pay for it.

    The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

    2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

    Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

    Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

    3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

    The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

    I know the boy whose father is a professor.

    4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

    A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

    Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

    5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

    I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

    Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

    6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

    I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing>

    7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

    This is the house where we lived last year.

    The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

    四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

    That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

    which we had lived in for ten years.

    五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

    1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

    (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。

    All that he said is true.

    (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。

    (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:

    He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

    (4) 先行词是形容词级或被形容词级修饰的词。

    This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

    (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:

    He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

    2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:

    (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:

    The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

    (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:

    The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

    考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

    如何学好英语

    1.学习英语时,模仿原则是必不可少的。比如在学习语音时,要大量地重复练习音标、单词发音,朗读句子和 文章 。而在练习过程中,尽量模仿"音标发音和单词发音,同时模仿句子的音调和节奏。模仿对学好语音至关重要。如果你要学习 英语口语 ?模仿亦很重要。

    2.在学口语时,要尽量模仿你已经读过的东西和已经听过的东西。当然,如果你模仿你已经用"重复原则"所读过的和所听过的,效果就会更好。如果你要学习英文写作,模仿的重要性更是显而易见。你要读各种不同类型的文章、名家的文章,重复地读过多遍而能真正理解了后,就要一丝不苟地去模仿。模仿得越像越好,这是 英语学习 最基本的常识。

    3."兴趣是最好的老师",学习英语首先要有兴趣并努力发展这一兴趣。如果你对英语没有兴趣,那就不会有持续的干劲和动力,英语学习将很难坚持下去。反之,一旦你对英语有了兴趣并努力地发展这一兴趣,那么,你就会不知不觉地去做,带着强烈的欲望去读英语,听英语,说英语,写英语。

    你就会主动地找人去练英语,找一切可以提高你英语的机会去提高你的英语水平。不知不觉中你的英语就会提高。不知不觉中你就把英语学会了。所以"兴趣"对学好英语有举足轻重的作用。 然而,尽管知道兴趣的重要性,但很少有人有意识、有步骤地去培养和发展自己对英语的兴趣。

    初中英语差怎么补过来

    一、每天背单词(这一关躲不掉)。

    过了单词这一关,英语成绩自然也就过关了,但很多同学都死在这一关。背单词是个长期的过程,要充分利用有限的时间尽可能多的去重复记忆,这里我们推荐卡片记忆法,即将需要背的单词记在一张张卡片上,方便利充分利用闲余时间背诵。

    二、背单词的同时学习语法。

    学习语法最好的办法是先做一本分章节的练习册,一般语法书跟练习册所分章节都差不多,从名词 、代词和冠词等开始后面是一般现在时等时态,再后面是完形填空, 阅读理解的学习。所以你先做练习册,可以做5题就对答案,可能会错很多,继续坚持。 总结 每一题的知识点,记在心里,并经常翻看做过的题目,在已经做题的基础上再去看语法点就会理解得更加透彻,并且更容易抓住重点。在语法书和练习册中将自己的体会进一步升华,加深,变成自己的知识。

    三、每天利用闲散时间坚持听英语磁带,多读,大声的读出来,好多的 英语单词 靠肌肉记忆。

    四、做卷子的频率可以适当降低,温故知新。

    五、在完成了分章节练习册和语法,背了大量的单词后,接下来靠我们材料中的那一本综合练习册,每天要进行一个小的综合练习,愿意多花时间的可以每天做一套中考的英语模拟卷,效果更好。


    三、求问如何学习初中英语中的定语从句

    上传: 罗仕贤 更新时间:2012-5-17 20:35:19 定语从句是初中英语语法教学的一个难点,同时也是初中英语教学的重点它是一个常见的语言现象,在历届中考试题中也经常出现 并且广泛分布于单选 完型填空和阅读甚至短文改错等各种题型当中因此,对于初中阶段的学生来说,学好定语从句对中考乃至将来的高考都是十分重要的下面是笔者根据多年的教学经验得出的点滴体会
    一 要准确理解定语从句的概念在复合句中用于限定或修饰名词 代词的从句叫做定语从句,被定语从句所限定或修饰的名词代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词之后 我们来看这样一个句子: this is the engineer who give usa talk on science and technology(这就是要给我们作关于科学学术报告的工程师)这句话中 who give us a talk on scienceand technology 就是定语从句,修饰先行词engineer,从句中的 who 是关系代词,引导定语从句
    二 理解定语从句的构成
    关系代词或副词+陈述句其中关系代词有: who, whom, whose, which, that, as 等,关系副词有: when, where, why 等 关系代词在句中有双重功能:
    (1)代表前面所修饰的先行词,将从句和主句连接起来;
    (2)在定语从句中充当句子成分例如上面的例句中关系代词 who ,它一方面起连接先行词和定语从句的作用,另一方面在从句中充当主语成分,在句子中不能翻译成为 谁 ,而相当于 的
    三 掌握引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法
    (一)由 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句的用法
    在这类定语从句中,当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人的时候用 who, whom 和whose, who 充当主语或宾语的成分,但多作主语, whom 充当宾语,而 whose 充当定语关系代词作主语时定语从句中谓语的数取决于先行词的数 例如:
    (1) this is the thief who stole mybike 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼 (2) he is the boy whom you wantedto find 他就是你想要找的那个男孩
    (二)由that which 引导的定语从句当定语从句所修饰的先行词是物的时候,用关系代词that which,当然that可以指人也可以指物,当作物的时候可以和 which替换使用,在从句中作主语或宾语 例如: (1) the comrade that (who) is speakingat the meeting is an advanced worker 正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人 (2) is this the doctor that(whom) youtalked about yesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
    (三)由 when, where and why 引导的定语从句 它们引导定语从句时,分别在句子中作时间状语地点状语和原因状语 where在从句中作地点状语, when 在从句中作时间状语, why 在从句中作原因状语 如:
    (1) i will never forget the day when ijoined the league 我永远忘不了我入团的那一天
    (2) he will go back to the schoolwhere he studied next week 下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校同时注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词 引导的从句替换
    (1) the reason why/for which herefused the invitation is not clear.
    (2) from the year when/in which hewas going to school he began to knowwhat he wanted when he grew up.
    四 注意掌握初中英语语法 定语从句 中的一些特殊情况
    (一)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he oncestudied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he oncestudied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here amagazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here amagazine for which you asked.注意: 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如: look for, look after, take careof 等 (1) this is the watch which/that i amlooking for. (t) (2) this is the watch for which i amlooking. (f)
    (二)只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
    (1)当先行词为 anything ,nothing ,everything, the one, all, much, few, any, little只用 that,不用 which 例如: you shoulddo all that is useful to yourself.
    (2)当先行词为 the only, the very, thesame, the last, just 修饰时,只用that 例如:this is the last place that i want to visit.
    (3)先行词为序数词 形容词最高级时,只用 that 例如:this is your secondtime that you tell us the story.
    (4)先行词既有人,又有物时we talked about the things andpersons that we were interested in. (三)不能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
    (1)在引导非限定性定语从句时last night i saw a very good film,which was about the anti-japanese war
    (2)介词后不能用we depend on the land from whichwe get our food.we depend on the land that/which weget our food from
    四 如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如: this is the mountain village where istayed last year. i never forget the days when iworked together with you.判断改错(错) this is the mountain village wherei visited last year.(错) i will never forget the days wheni spent in the countryside.(对) this is the mountain village (which ) ivisited last year.(对) i never forget the days (which)i spent in the countryside.

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