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一、虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气概述:虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
If I had seen him yesterday, I would have told him the news.
我如果昨天见到他的话,就会把这个消息告诉他的。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!
太奇怪了,你竟然不理解我!
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句中的谓语用过去式(be用were),主句用would/could/mightshould+动词原形。
If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer.
我如果有足够的钱,会为自己买一台电脑。
If I were you, I would forgive Mary.
如果我是你,我就会原谅玛丽。
2.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语过去式(be用were)/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形,主句谓语would/could/might/should do.
If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.
我如果明天见到他,会邀请他到家里来。
If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来做这项工作,我会用另一种方法。
3.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句谓语should/would/could/might+have+过去分词,If 条件从句的谓语形式had+过去分词词。
If we had had enough rain last year,we could have gained a good harvest.
如果去年雨水充足的话,我们可能会有一个好收成。
If the weather had been nice yesterday,we would have gone for a picnic.如果昨天天气好的话,我们就去野餐了。
4. wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,从句的谓语形式虚拟情况
与现在事实相反用:过去式(be用were)
与过去事实相反had+过去分词
与将来事实相反would/ could/might+动词原形
I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只鸟,可以在天空中自由地飞翔。
I wish(that)I had met that writer.
我希望遇到过那位作家。
I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
5.would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气虚拟情况表示现在或将来的愿望,从句的谓语形式过去式( be用were),表示过去的愿望,用had+过去分词
I would rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下周六来。
I would rather you had taken the place of me.我宁愿你顶替了我。
6 .as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气
as if/as though引导的虚拟语气谓语的形式与wish后的宾语从句的谓语形式一致。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
It seems as if it were spring already.
现在仿佛已是春天了。
【误区警示】如果与事实相符,as if/as though后的从句用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 仿佛天要下雨。(马上就要下雨)
It seems as if the boy has lost his way,这个男孩好像迷路了。
7.if only...句式用虚拟语气
if only. . 意为“要是······就好了”,其后虚拟语气的用法与wish后的宾语从句的谓语形式一致。
If only I were 20 years younger!
我要是年轻20岁该多好啊!(与现在的事实相反)
If only I had come to the party yesterday!
要是昨天我来参加聚会就好了!(与过去的事实相反)
If only I could fly to the moon one day.要是有天我能飞上月球就好了。(与将来的事实相反)
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一、虚拟语气的用法如何归纳
虚拟语气主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
- 01
一、虚拟条件句的基本类型
(1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
(2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If I asked him,I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) - 02
二、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:
If you'd listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
If you were in better health, we'd have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。 - 03
三、含蓄虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:
Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。
Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。
I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。 - 04
四、if it weren't (wasn't) for与if it hadn't been for
这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”,与but for, without同义。如:
If it wasn't (weren't) for the children, we wouldn't have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们,我们不会有什么可谈的。
If it hadn't been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨,我们本会获得一个大丰收的。
If it hadn't been for the doctor's care, I wouldn't have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾,我不会痊愈得这么快。
注:一般说来,if it weren’t (wasn't) for 用于谈论现在的情况,而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况。 - 05
五、使用虚拟语气的特殊句式
(1) I wish…句式:要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。如:
I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻10岁。
I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国家的话。
I wish I hadn't wasted so much money. 但愿我没浪费这么多钱。
(2) if only…句式:if only 与 I wish一样,也是表示与事实相反的愿望的,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:
If only Tessa was here now. 要是特萨现在在这儿就好了。
If only l knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的答案。
(3) as if / as though…句式:以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形。如:
I felt as if I was swimming. 我觉得好像在游泳似的。
At that time she acted as if I were her servant. 当时她的举止好像我是她的仆人。
(4) it's time…句式:从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:
It's time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。
I'm getting tired. It's time we went home. 我累了,我们该回家了。
注:time前有时有about和high修饰:
It's high time we left. 我们早该动身了。
(5) would rather…句式:通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如:
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you didn’t mention the price. 我宁愿你别提价钱。 - 06
六、使用虚拟语气的宾语从句
在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这些动词主要包括insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask等,其虚拟语气格式为“should+动词原形”,其中的should在美国英语中可以省略。如:
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。
Her uncle suggested that she (should) get a job in a bank. 她叔叔建议她在银行里找个工作。
注意:insist后接宾语从句时,有时用虚拟语气,有时用陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:
She insisted that I (should) stay for supper. 她一定要我留下吃晚饭。
He still insisted that he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。
与insist相似,suggest后接宾语从句时,也可用虚拟语气或陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”“认为”。比较:
He suggested that we (should) come another day. 他建议们改日再来。
His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的。 - 07
七、使用虚拟语气的主语从句
形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。如:
It's impossible that he (should) marry her. 他同她结婚是不可能的。
It's important that he (should) remember this. 他记住这一点很有必要。
注:在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意。如:
It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。
这类句子若用陈述语气,则不带感色彩,比较下面两句:
I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤独。
She was surprised that I knew all about it. 这事我全知道她感到惊奇。
二、虚拟语气的用法归纳 具体如何运用
虚拟语气的用法主要有主语从句里的虚拟语气,表语从句里的虚拟语气,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,其中还包括混合虚拟语气,含蓄虚拟语气等。
虚拟语气的用法
一、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
二、表示与过去事实相反的情况:
从句:If 主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
三、表示对将来情况的主观推测:
主句:主语+should+do
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/were
四、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
五、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…等。
七、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
虚拟语气的应用条件
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。
三、虚拟语气的用法归纳是什么?
1、对现在假设的情况
从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do;
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
2、对过去没做的事情的假设
实际还是没做
从句:If+主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
3、对过去没做的事情的假设
实际还是没做
从句:
①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:
主语+should/would/might/could+do
例:
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
4、错综条件句
有时,虚拟条件句中, 如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时, 虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。
例:
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer now.
如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
例:
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her.
要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
扩展资料
应用条件:
在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,愿望,假想,猜测,怀疑或建议,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。
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