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今天小编给各位分享从句讲解的知识,文中也会对其通过9张思维导图轻松掌握3大从句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句和英语三大从句等多篇文章进行知识讲解,如果文章内容对您有帮助,别忘了关注本站,现在进入正文!
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一、9张思维导图轻松掌握3大从句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句
英语的从句只有三个大类:名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句。
笔者学习英语和从事英语教学20多年来,根据教学和考试实践经验,参阅上百本语法书,不断总结优化,把三大类从句的构成、连接词、句式、解题步骤等所有用法制成了下面9张思维导图。不但能让你快速理解和掌握,而且能形成清晰条理的知识体系,达到长期记忆的效果。
名词性从句:“4321,1234,1234”关于名词性从句的构成,只需牢记“4321”:主句中的4种成分由3种功能句充当,注意两组辨析和1种省略。
视频详解:1句话把握名词性从句本质:4种成分由3种句子充当
名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。其中最难的是同位语从句,要透彻理解,首先必须明白什么是同位语。关于同位语,要理解下图中的“1234”:4种名词性结构对前面的名词性结构起到1种补充解释说明的作用,前后2个名词性结构在3个方面相同。
视频详解:英语句子成分超精解:1图搞懂同位语和同位语从句
此外,还要理解名词性从句的10大必背句式。又是“1234”:1个idea跟的同位语从句,2个表因果的表语从句。3种特殊结构的名词性从句。以及4类It作形式主语的主语从句。
视频详解:写作高分秘籍:名词性从句10大句式(10=1+2+3+4)
定语从句:“4321,1234, 1234”关于定语从句的构成,只需牢记“4321”:按照4个步骤,把从句与主句重复的的3种成分替换为相应的2种关系词,对主句中的1个先行词进行限定修饰。
视频详解:1句话把握定语从句本质:2种关系词充当3种成分
定语从句的最常考也最难的地方在于关系词的选择。在选择关系词时只需遵循“1234”:1译,通过翻译出的…的找出定语;最常考的后置定语有2种:非谓语动词短语和定语从句。如果是定语从句才需要填关系词,根据定语从句缺3种成分种的哪一种,补上相应的关系代词或关系副词,还要注意4组辨析,如下图所示。
视频详解:定语从句不会选关系词?4个步骤,让你正确率99%!
一“逗”定乾坤:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
此外,还有10种特殊的定语从句,“1234”:1个the way作先行词的定语从句,2个介词+关系词引导的定语从句,3种关系词as引导的定语从句,4种定语从句与其他句式的混合。
视频详解:定语从句终极秘籍:10大必背句式(10=1+2+3+4)
状语从句:"1234, 1234, 3X8=24"状语从句共9种。其中最为常见的是时间状语从句。时间状语从句相应的从属连词共10组:
1个表示一…就…的as soon as, 2组表示相反意义(since是自从…开始,until是直到…结束,before在…之前,after在…之后)3个当…时,4个以time(次)为核心构成的短语连词。
视频详解:英语写作九阳神功第4层:1张图牢记9大状语从句
表示一…就…的从属连词除了as soon as外,还有10个: 1个一旦,2个引起部分倒装的结构,3个以“ly”结尾长的像副词其实是连词的,还有4个the+n。
视频详解:1图打尽!时间状语从句10组连词(10=1+2+3+4)
状语从句只需记住相应从属连词的意义,就能准确理解和翻译。其实不用过多纠结是9种状语从句种哪一种。除时间状语从句外,其余8种状语从句每种都有3种常见从属连词。3X8=24.
视频详解:状语从句超精解:8大状语从句的24组常用连词=3X8
英语三大从句中,最少见也最简单的是名词性从句,因为它其实来自陈述句和疑问句;最难的是定语从句,因为要分析定语从句缺什么成分。最常见最复杂的是状语从句,因为有9种状语从句和几十种连词。这9张思维导图包含了三大从句所有相关知识点。
这里是头条号:英语语法实验室。努力打造全网最好的语法讲解。您的每一次点赞、转发、评论都是对作者最大的支持!一、英语三大从句
英语的三大从句:名词性从句,形容词性从句(定语从句),以及副词性从句(状语从句)。
一、名词性从句 Nominal Clause:从句的作用是代替一个名词成分,比如主语,宾语,表语或者同位语。
二、形容词性从句(定语从句)Attributive Clause
定语从句作定语,修饰主句的某个名词性成分,可以转换成汉语中的限定语来理解,又称为形容词性从句,相当于形容词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的词(英语称先行词)后面。
三、副词性从句(状语从句),起副词作用的句子,用作状语,基可以修饰谓语,定语和状语,也可以修饰整个句子。分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等从句。状语从句区别于定语从句的明显特征是状语从句没有先行词。
二、三大从句是什么?
3大从句:定语、宾语和状语。
1、定语从句:作定语/adj.修饰先行词
在这里,dog“狗子”是先行词,即“走在定语从句前面的名词”;定语从句that shits a lot其中的that,指代了前面的dog,告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子:拉很多的狗子。
2、宾语从句:作宾语,放在动词或介词后面
第一句,宾语从句为普通的陈述句,放在think这个动作后面,由连接词that引导。
第二句,宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序,原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go“你丫放不放手”?该从句放在depend on的介词on后面,一般疑问句由whether/ if引导。
3、状语从句:作状语,给主句增加信息量
状语从句,是3大从句中比较好记的一种:有个完整的主句,从句是提供更多信息的,比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词(←戳可查看),几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。
判断从句类型方法
一、如果从句由从属连接词that、whether、if引导,或者由疑问代词what、who、whom、whose、which引导,或者由疑问副词when、where、why、how引导,或者由缩合连接代词who、what、that、which、whoever、whichever、whatever引导。
或者由缩合连接副词when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however引导,并且做句子的主语、动词或介系词后面的宾语、be动词后面的表语,或名词的同位语,它就是名词性从句。做主语的叫做主语从句,做表语的是表语从句,做宾语的是宾语从句,做同位语的叫做同位语从句。
二、如果从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that,或者由关系副词when、where、why引导,放在名词的后面作定语,它就是定语从句,包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
三、如果从句由从属连接词引导,放在动词的后面作状语,它就是状语从句,包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、程度状语从句、方式状语从句等。
三、英语三大从句是什么
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 主语从句用作主语,如:: That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。 宾语从句用作宾语。如: Do you know where he lives? 表语从句用作表语,如: My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如: The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明the fact) 定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如: The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John. 状语从句相当于一个副词,如: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。(时间状语) If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如: I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。 He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语。 名词从句、定语从句 名词从句 名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如: 宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go. 主语从句:Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的: 1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导: (1) 引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). (2) 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. (3) 引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come. (4) 介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3. 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+ that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如:It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one�0�7s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings(缺点). 4. 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because. 例如:The reason why he didn�0�7t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5. 名词从句中that,what用法比较: 引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=the thing(s) that. 例如:It was told in yesterday�0�7s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. I know that he will study. I know what he will study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(=the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。 6. where在名词从句中的使用特点: where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词+the place where” 形式。例如: 主从:Where(=The place where)she has gone is still unknown. 宾从:Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives? 表从:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put. 同位从:Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如: I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序。例如: What�0�7s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 名词从句考点分析 1.They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET) A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they 析:此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整,do后无宾 语,故也应排除,只有A项既是陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为A。 2.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching. A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn�0�7t;× 析:观察题目,可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语that可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略,据此,可排除C、D 两个选项。若选B项,全句意思不通,而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明,不 值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定A是正确答案。 3.______ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析:do一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语(逻辑上是done的宾语)。 而A.How,D.Where均是副词,不能作主语,故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句 中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除。只有选what(=the thing that),才 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。 4.Take care ______ you don�0�7t make mistakes in the coming exam. A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析:take care是“注意”、“当心”意,后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要…”意思,据此,该题应选D。 5.To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析:观察题干,was not后是表语,根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where, 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思,而C选项缺少词,不可 选。A、D项皆不合用。 6.______ we can�0�7t get seems better than ______ we have. A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析:此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思,即 “A seems better that B”结构,根据what=the thing(s) that这一特点,将其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为A。 7.______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析:此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容,在句首表“是否”意时,只能用 Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。 8.______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars. A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析:is前面是一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感兴趣的(东西)”这一意思,只能选what 填入空白;is是表语从句,显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故 答案为B。 9.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday. A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析:suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用(should)do的形式,且 该句中test与put off为被动关系,故选B。 10.I don�0�7t think ______ he said something like that is right. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析:此句think后是一宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语在is之前,它是一个被动句。 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分,只有选不表意义, 不做成分的that才合适,故选A。 定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词, 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。 1. 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose 作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如: The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定 语从句中作宾语,可省略) I�0�7m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语) A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物,在定从中作主语) 2. 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语。 例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略) The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如:We�0�7ll visit the factory which(=that) makes radios. (which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用) They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例:Li Ping�0�7s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as。) He is good at physics, as is known to us all.=As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which) 三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1. 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1) 当先行词既包括人又包括物时:He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 2) 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时:These are the very points that interest me./That�0�7s the only watch that I like most. 3) 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me. 4) 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时:There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need? 5) 先行词是who时:Who that have seen him does not like him? 2. 不用that的场合如下: 1)非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March . 2)介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3)句中出现了that,或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.关于从句讲解的问题,通过《三大从句是什么?》、《英语三大从句是什么》等文章的解答希望已经帮助到您了!如您想了解更多关于从句讲解的相关信息,请到本站进行查找!