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我结合自己的教学实践，就语文阅读理解的答题技巧谈一些教学体会和浅见，且将阅读理解解题思路基本步骤大致可以总结为：1、速读原文材料；2、看清题目要求；3、细找文中原话；4、认真回答问题。
（一） 速读原文材料——优化阅读方法，讲求阅读实效
小学语文阅读理解的基本能力，就是能认真地阅读给出的文字材料，了解材料的基本大意。而对于小学中高年级学生来说，语言知识与阅读时间都是有限的。因此，除了布置相适应的阅读任务以外，在课堂上适度的精读指导是相当有意义的。培养快速阅读能力，指导正确的阅读方法和思维理解的方法，我主要从三个方面入手：
1、严格要求，严格练习。学生在平时的阅读活动中，有许多不良习惯，有的喜欢小声朗读或用手指、笔、尺子等指字认读；有的则习惯咬文嚼字，逐词逐句慢慢读，以为这样读才能读得透彻、理解得深刻。针对这些不良读法，在阅读练习时，我要求他们做到：集中注重力，阅读时做到“心到”、“眼到”、“笔到”；自主阅读，独立思考；快速阅读，快速感知文字信息。在规定阅读的时间，一定要按时按量完成。
2、教给读法，自主感悟。《语文课程标准》明确指出：“阅读要注重情感体验，发展感受和理解能力。”在读法指导上要求做到对阅读材料要一气呵成读完它，中间不能停顿或复读；尽量使用默读，达到在感知中认读，在速读中感知。
3、捕捉信息，重点突破。学生阅读，既有“从书面文字开始而止于大脑的某种再现或解释的过程”，也有“从已经习得的知识和技能”出发在阅读中又选择自己所需要的信息，成为一个“真正主动的、由内心促动并受内心支配的过程”。阅读的同时要用笔标出不懂的字、词或句子，以便及时解决。课文《神童的“秘诀”》中陈毅读书的方法，学生可以借鉴。认真地阅读文章是做好题目的前提，只有认真地通读全篇，做题时才能胸有成竹。
（二）看清题目要求——平心静气审题，切忌粗心大意
学生在审视阅读理解的问题要求时，关键的字、词或句子要让学生在文中找到用笔圈下来，作为扣题作答的要点。在进行语文阅读理解训练时，第二遍读文章要求学生带着问题细读全文，一般要做到如下几点：
1、基础知识，牢牢掌握。阅读题型多种多样，但是一定有基础知识的考察，比如填标点符号、填关联词语、填拼音、找错别字、找出文中的近反义词，摘抄比喻句、划出中心句等等。这些考察的是学生的基础知识，课堂里一定训练过，粗心的同学却往往会与正确答案失之交臂。例如要求圈出正确的词语，有的同学反而把错误的词语划去了。类似的情况，在考试时常常能见到，粗心是一部分同学在该题项中失分的一个重要原因。因此在做这些基础知识的题目时要格外仔细，这些题目尽量不要失分。
2、生字新词，不要着急。试题中一旦出现生词，一般会注上中文词义，如果没有注出词义，那么学生应该这样处理：① 利用构词法即拆分词素的方法来猜出这个词的大致意思；②有些名词要联系上下文意思来猜测其意思；③有的生词是故意不给注释的，是要在题目当中出现的。最常见的两种情况：一是，要学生联系上下文理解词语在文中的意思；二是，根据意思从文中找出相应的词语。例如：实际的表现和所得到的称谓或名声是一致的。第二种情况相对于难度小一些。
3、弄清问题，巧用“原话”。对于一些题目，原文中有明显的准确答案，要善于利用阅读文字材料中的“原文”材料，进行回答。①有的问题是根据文中的句子设计的，可以从文中一句找到正确的答案；②有的问题是根据文中的一段话设计的，因此可以从文中的某一段找到正确的答案；③有的有的问题是根据整篇文章设计的，要求学生认真弄懂全文意思，根据文中提供的线索或信息进行逻辑推理。
4、想像说话，联系生活。学生做阅读理解的时候，最怕碰到回答问题和想像写话，例如：联系你的生活实际，谈谈你读文后的感受。或是：读了这个故事，你有什么感想？请写几句话。这样的题目往往要先从课文中说起，你喜欢主人公的什么品质，然后联系自己的生活实际，自己是怎样做的。在平时的训练中，提醒学生写答案时要答满线格。
例如：《邻家的星期四》“唉，本该是我们的星期四，现在整个儿成了邻家的星期四。我不由得生出长久不易平息的联想来。”请你联系上文写写“我”可能联想到什么？（一连三张纸条，一连三次提醒，这位女主人真是热心哪！她让我们充分感受到悉尼人高度的环保意识和强烈的社会责任感，希望这些环保意识也能扎根在我们心里，让我们的生活环境也能越来越美丽，以优美、整洁的环境迎接世博会。）像类似的发挥想像的问题，要联系生活来领会文中的关键句段的意思，即从文中读出自己，读出“我”，学会转换角色，设身处地地思考问题，这样答案才能更加完美。
在审题的时候，要像对待数学试题中的数字一样，认真看清每一个字、词、句、甚至每一个标点，要看清题目的要求，分析问题的提问要点。
（三） 细找文中原话——巧借关键词句，进行答案定位
语文阅读理解题是一种综合性的题型，它能有效地检测学生的阅读理解能力和语文素质。其问题设置大致分三个层次：直接源于原文，间接源于原文，超越原文。对第一层问题，需要认真感知原文，并稍作思考，如此即可直接从原文或自己的知识储备中觅得答案；对第二层问题，需要反复强化、整体感知原文，对文意做到融会贯通，并积极分析，深刻思考，高度概括即可；对第三层问题，需要高度领悟文意，并在此基础上积极运行延伸思维、发散思维、逆向思维等思维活动，才可形成答案。就上面的三层问题的题型，我分别举例说明。
1、直接提取信息。大多数阅读试题会出自选文的某一处地方，其关键词基本涉及到具体的字词句，我们可以抓住问题中的关键词，找准问题的出处。答案一般在问题关键词前后的位置，可以在其上文和下文或是联系上下文进行搜索定位。有些试题它要求用文中原话来回答，我们就可以用文中的原话来作答，这时就可以“从文章中直接提取信息”来回答问题。（低年级较为常见）如果它没有明确要求用文中的原话来作答，我们也可以“从文章中直接提取信息”来回答问题。
例如：《家是什么》（节选）
家是什么？1983年在卢旺达的一个真实故事，也许能给家做一个贴切的注解。
卢旺达内战期间，有一个叫热拉尔的人，37岁，他的一家有40口人，父母、兄弟、姐妹、妻儿几乎全部离散丧生。最后，绝望的热拉尔打听到5岁的小女儿还活着,辗转数地，冒着生命危险找到了自己的亲生骨肉。他悲喜交集，将女儿紧紧搂在怀里，第一句话就是：“我又有家了。”
填空：热拉尔“悲喜交集”，“悲”的是他的一家有40口人，父母、兄弟、姐妹、妻儿几乎全部离散丧生。“喜”的是找到了自己的亲生骨肉。这样的题目多以“根据短文内容填空”的题型出现，可以直接从文中提取答案。找好答案后，做好标记，以便检查核对，然后认真准确地抄写下来。
2、提取信息后概括。有时候找出的语句不一定能够直接使用，还必须根据题目要求进行加工，或摘取词语或压缩主干或抽取要点或重新组织。如若它指定必须要学生用自己的话来回答，我们也可以让学生将文中的原话加以概括。
例如：《父亲》（节选）
我小时候，不知什么原因，非常厌恶胡萝卜的味道，而弟弟就是不愿吃青菜。面对我们的挑食，父亲苦口婆心地劝过好几回，总不见效。父亲和母亲商量后，做出了一个决定。那天，当我和弟弟坐上饭桌时，看到的是:我的面前是一碗胡萝卜，而弟弟面前放着一碗青菜。我和弟弟面面相觑，谁都不肯动筷。父亲铁面无情地说:“今天，只有这个菜，不吃就吃白饭！”说得很干脆，毫无商量的余地。我们把求援的目光投向母亲，母亲似乎也无动于哀。我和弟弟埋头吃起了白饭。可是， 。直到第三天晚饭时，我们姐弟终于将筷子伸向了胡萝卜和青菜。不久，我们就吃惯了它们。
问题：文中的“父亲和母亲商量后，做出了一个决定。”中的“决定”是指父母每天只烧胡萝卜和青菜，帮我们改掉挑食的坏习惯。父母做出这个决定的原因是苦心苦婆的劝说总不见效。这个决定最终让我和弟弟吃惯了胡萝卜和青菜。这些答案就要认真读这个小节，提取有效的信息，然后概括出来。这种类型的题目对一般学生来说有难度。
3、提升内涵，升华情感。有些题目则需要结合全文内容，挖掘句子的隐含信息和深层含义。如《在金色的沙滩上》一文，作者为什么要用《在金色的沙滩上》为课题？（理解“金色不仅指的是沙滩的颜色，更指的是小姑娘这种如同金子般的高尚品质。）这就要求学生要经过缜密的思考，写出完美的答案了。
语文阅读理解中，回答问题要精炼，摘取原文则是关键。离开了原材料恐怕谁也答不准，答不全。因此，准确解答阅读题最重要最有效的方法是紧扣关键词句，带着问题去读短文，可以快速地在原文中找出答案。
（四）认真回答问题——掌握答题技巧，力求言之有据
阅读能力培养的最终目的是答题时取得最大的正确率，所以教师要正确培养和提高学生的答题能力，教学生掌握必要的答题技巧：第一遍读文章时不要做题，第二遍阅读时再做题。回答问题时也要力求做到以下几点：
1、不可不答。学生只有回答阅读材料要求所提出的问题，才能得分。我们老师对学生进行语文阅读理解训练时，就必须向学生说明这一点，不可不答，不答则无分。
2、不能乱答。学生不联系阅读理解问题的要求来回答，我们称之为乱答题，乱答本质上是与学生不答题一样，不得分。我们在阅读理解训练中强调学生要答满线格，但并不是让学生胡说和乱说，写一些没用的东西。答题时要抓住要点，不能偏离题目要求。
3、懂得取舍。一时做不出的阅读理解的题，要先放一放，以免影响回答别的较有把握的阅读理解题。待全部阅读理解题解完后，如有剩余时间再回来做放弃的阅读理解题。在解答阅读题时，让学生千万不要慌，要静下心来，按照由易到难，由浅入深的思维方式，先从容易的入手，逐渐e799bee5baa6e79fa5e98193e59b9ee7ad94332地打开思路。
4、言之有据。所谓“言之有据”就是要学生在阅读试卷上的文字材料上找原话，找依据，不能只是简单的一个词语和句子，显得理由不充分，更不能凭空瞎说。如：学了课文《在金色的沙滩上》，你感觉小姑娘是个怎样的人？可以说她做事不计报酬、拾金不昧、诚实、守信用等等，但是这些还不够。完整的回答可以用这样的句式回答：我感觉这个小女孩是一个 的人，因为她 。
语文阅读理解中问答题的答案现在多是开放式的，题目得分的主动权在学生的手中，只要学生言之有据，持之有理，就可以酌情得分了。一名好的教师应该要善于用巧妙、机智的语言来点拨学生，鼓励学生说出自己的见解。尊重学生的体验、见解，鼓励学生多方位、多角度的思维，这对阅读教学思想的形成有很大益处。但是我们也要注意，在尊重学生个性化体验的同时，不应忽视文本的构想和教学的价值取向，防止从一个极端（同一模式化的理解）走向另一个极端（混乱与文章背离的教学）。
在答题时，要提醒学生注意组织规范语言答题，认真书写。答案基本考虑成熟之后，还需要注意一下表述的语言。语言简洁明了，语句通顺，尽量不要有错别字。在答题之后，如果时间允许，要重读全文内容，仔细地进行复查。
总之，小学语文阅读理解能力的提高，决非一日之功，但只要我们方法正确，持之以恒，不断训练，就一定能提高。作为语文教师，在阅读理解训练中，我们只有教给学生正确的解题方法和技巧，才能让学生学得轻松和放松，才能真正做到事半而功倍，收到阅读教学的良好效果，为以后的语文学习打下扎实的基础。
英语作文的基本要求：
首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如字母i，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的十笔连在量起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也7a64e58685e5aeb9361应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2．缩略词如Mr.，Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆开移行。
3．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。如；
11：00P.M.应写在一行内，不能将11：00和PM．分开移行；写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期，如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5．含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。
例文：
1.宠物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊丽莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第2女儿和最聪明和机智，伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的，聪明，并且，在对话定义的小说，她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来，并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱， Darcy)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲，一个遥远的父亲，二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹，并且几位势利，对抗的女性，她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象，最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱，她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣，幸运地。 当她逐渐来认可Darcy’s字符的贵族，她体会她对他的最初的偏见错误。
此外，写日记时不一定全用过去时，在表达思想的时候最好用一般现在时。
Dear Custom manager,
I write this mail to express my dissatisfaction with your product and the after-sale service, I request alternate my broken digital camera ASAP.
Three days ago, I bought a digital camera here. That was a new digital camera, but I found it was broken on the lens cap , so I came back here and asked the sale to repair it, or alternate a new one for me yesterday, but your sale refused. I felt very dissatisfied. My camera is still under warranty. My requirement is reasonable.
I would be very grateful if you consider this request at your earliest convenience. thank you for your help in this matter. i look forward to hearing from you soon.
your sincerely,
wang lin
英语作文万能句子
一、开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.It's generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.It's likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.It's hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.It's hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that… 更重要的是…
二、衔接句型
1.A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是…
2.As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But it's a pity that… 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7.Further, we hold opinion that… 此外，我们坚持认为，…
8.However , the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to… 同样，我们要注意…
10.not（that）…but（that）…不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well （say） 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is… 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
三、结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying… 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的结论是，…
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好
四、举例句型
1.Let's take…to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3.Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of…
6.This offers a typical instance of…
7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…
五、常用于引言段的句型
1.Some people think that … 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2.For years, … has been seen as …， but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3.I believe the title statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe…
5.My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6.Along with the development of…， more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…
7.There is a long-running debate as to whether…有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…
8.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…它通常是认为…
9.As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10.Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…； on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…
七、演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
八、因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
九、段首万能句子
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……
Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。()它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?
十、中间段落万能句子
1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……最糟糕的是……
But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……
There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______
5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……所有这些方法肯定会……
It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.
7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
十一、结尾万能句子
1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.
2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……
But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.
7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.
8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决7a64e4b893e5b19e363于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.
9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.