高考英语作文的评分标准是什么

基础等级50分
一等（50—41） 二等（40—31） 三等（30—21） 四等（20—0）
切合题意 符合题意 基本符合题意 偏离题意
中心突出 中心明确 中心基本明确 中心不明或立意 不当
内容充实 内容较充实 内容单薄 没什么内容
感情真切 感情真实 感情基本真实 感情虚假
结构严谨 结构完整 结构基本完整 结构混乱
语言流畅 语言通顺 语言基本通顺 语病多
字体工整 字迹清楚 字迹潦草 字迹难辨
符合文体要求 大体符合文体要求 大体符合文体要求 不符合文体要求
发展等级 20分
深刻 丰富 有文采 有创新
1、透过现象深入本质 4、材料丰富 7、语言生动，句式灵活 10、见解新颖，材料新鲜、构思精巧
2、揭示问题产生问题 5、形象丰满 8、善于运用修辞手法 11、推理想象有独到之处
3、观点具有启发作用 6、意境深远 9、文句有意蕴 12、有个性特征
[说明] 1. 基础等级评分以题意、内容、语言、文体为重点，全面衡量。符合文体要求，指符合考生根据题意和内容自选的文体的要求。 2. 发展等级评分，依据12个评分点，不求全面，以一点突出者按等评分，直至满分。 3. 缺题目扣2分；每一个错别字扣1分，重复不计，扣满5分为止；不足字数（篇幅在2/3以上），每少50个字扣1分。
4．文章在基本切题的前提下，达到“三基本”（中心基本明确，结构基本完整，语言基本通顺）要求的，切入分为52。在此基础上，只要发现有亮点，就应该将分数上浮。
一、关于议论类文章
1．在切合题意的前提下，凡说理表达基本过关、观点基本突出、材料基本充实的议论类文章，可以按48—52分档次赋分。
2．凡在“三基本”的某一方面达到较好级别的，赋分可以提高一个档次，依次类推。
3．对于借助随笔、杂感甚至杂文样式表达思想阐发主张的议论类文章，要反复审读，谨慎赋分。凡那些能够做到思想深刻、议论风生、纵横捭阖的特别优秀的文章，要敢于打高分，直至满分：凡那些只会借助随笔或杂文写作形式，而思想苍白、议论平淡、缺乏层次的文章，不能误判高分，而只能按一般议论类的文章标准去如实赋分。
4．考虑到议论类文章的立意，多为解释“提示语”(材料)的文章，因此，凡能采取比较新e799bee5baa6e58685e5aeb9365颖的角度切入“材料”，解说“提示语”的内涵与精神，便可视为有亮点，提高两个档次向上给分。 5．由于多数议论类文章偏于简单举例且用例较多，因此，凡有如下情景即可视为有亮点，可以在62分向上判：选取比较新颖、生动、有个性的材料作论据，而不是尽人皆知的“通常事例”；所用事例材料能够有论证层次，并不平面展开，不机械重复，每一例都能显示一个小论点或层层递进的。
二、关于记叙类文章
1．在切合题意的前提下，凡叙述表达基本过关、主题基本突出、情节基本完整的记叙类文章，可以按48—52分档次赋分。
2．凡在表达或主题或故事情节等某一个方面达到较好级别的，赋分可以提高一个档次，依次类推。凡在某个方面达到优秀级别的，或者构思精巧，或者形象丰满，或者意境深远，或者很有个性，或者语言很见功力，可以按63分向上赋分，最优秀的可以达到70分。
3．凡在“三基本”水准向下的文章，也应该依据其表达、主题、情节某一个或几个方面属于较差的级别的，依次向下浮动。凡在某一个方面属于很差级别的，则应该在42分向下浮动。凡语言表达、记叙能力在低幼层次的文章，最高赋分也不能超过35分。
4．通篇记叙人事或编述故事，视为不着边际的跑题文章处理，赋分在24分以下，如果无法判定，可提交组长或专家组处理。
5．考虑到多数记叙文章故事情节简单、缺少内涵，应将考察重点放在如下方面：有机智的构思，有生动的人物，有引人注目的“故事”，有比较浓郁的生活气息，有令人思考的“余味”。这样的优秀文章，可以从63分向上给分。
三、注意事项
1．整体上，采用分项评价整体给分的评分方法。也就是说，在阅卷赋分时要从立意、内容、语言、文体或基础等级和发展等级分项全面考虑，但最后提交的是一个总体分值。
2．注意文体意识。议论类文章，议论的文字必须超过2／3；记叙类文章，记叙的文字必须超过2／3。否则，视为文体不明，给分适当下浮。
3．凡写成其它文体的，只要不是诗歌，正常评分。违背命题要求，写成诗歌的，上限不得超过5分。
4．完篇而字数不足，正常打分之后，再扣字数分。每少50字扣1分，扣满3分为止。明显未完篇的文章，最高不超过35分。未完篇的文章，不再扣字数不足分。
5．每3个错别字扣1分，重复不计，扣满5分为止。
6．赋分中提及的档次，通常情况下为3分。
7．确认抄袭，经核查2／3以上文字与已发表作品雷同，最高不超过5分。
8．低幼化的语言、过于寒碜的语言、缺少品位的语言应该在切入分以下。语言形象生动，富有韵味，很有文化底蕴的文章赋分应当上浮。具体说：
记叙类文章在如下几个方面的亮点要予以特别关注：
有相当精巧的构思；有鲜明的人物形象；有真实感人的生活故事；有鲜明的个性特点；有深远的意境；有相当的语言表达智慧。
议论类文章在如下几个方面的亮点要予以特别关注：
有较高的立意；能选取比较新颖、生动、有个性的材料作为事实论据；论证有层次感、立体感；议论语言有逻辑性和文化底蕴。

对比观点题型

（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1． 有一些人认为。。。
2． 另一些人认为。。。
3． 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
1． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
2． 分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it

解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1． 问题现状
2． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
1． 说明事物现状
2． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
3． 你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------（A的优点之二）.
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)

议论文的框架
(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

实用性写作(申请信)
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
X X X

作文的开头

一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质e5a48de588b6e799bee5baa6e79fa5e98193363量。
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。
作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：
1．开门见山，揭示主题
文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：
I Spent my last vacation happily．
下面是题为"Honesty"(谈诚实)一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people．
2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头
在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的开头：
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
3. 回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的开头是：
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
4．概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
5．介绍环境式的开头
即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
6．交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的开头：
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control