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Having a good education is very beneficial to us . There are the following reasons. First a good education can help us get more knowledge and experience, which certainly provides us with personal enrichment and improvement. Second a good education can provide us with good job opportunities. Finally a good education can help us to use what we have learned to make contributions to sociey, which is beneficial to both society and all of us.拥有良好的教育对我们非常有益。有下列原因。首先,良好的教育能帮我们获得更多的知识和经验, 这些当然会为使我们丰富自己,提高7a64e59b9ee7ad94336自己。第二,好的教育能为我们提供更好的就业机会。最后好的教育能帮我们把我们所学到的东西来为社会做贡献, 这既有益于社会同时又有益于我们自己。
My View on School Education
School eduction has played an important role in people’s life. When reaching three tears old, the little children will go to kindergarten for a preschool education. And then they will take part in the primary school, middle school, high school, college and so on. School eduction almost run through people’s whole life. So it is very important. We all know that thereare many knowledgeable teachers in school will teach the students. But it’s not enough. School eduction needs the coordination of family education. The British educator, Hosea Ballou once said,”Education commences at the mother’s knee, and every word spoken within the hearsay of children tends towards the formation of character. Therefore, we can see that the successful of school education needs the help of family education so that the children can have a perfect education. The promissing future is waiting for them.
学校教育在人们的生活中扮演着很重要的角色。在小孩三岁的时候,他们就会去幼儿园进行学前教育。之后他们会去上小学,初中,高中,大学等。学校教育几乎贯穿人的一生。所以它是非常重要的。我们都知道,学校有很多知识渊博的老师来教学生知识。但这是不够的e799bee5baa6e79fa5e98193e59b9ee7ad94364。学校教育需要家庭教育的协调。英国教育家巴卢曾经说过,“教育始于母亲膝下,孩童耳听一言一语,均影响其性格的形成”。因此,我们可以看到,学校教育的成功需要家庭教育的协助,使孩子们拥有一个完善的教育。光明的未来在等着他们。
不好意思不会英文,中文的献上一点吧!
英汉表达差异--英语写作中的拦路虎
有位专家曾做过这样一个实验:他找了两位二十岁左右的西班牙小伙子和中国小伙子,让他们在同一时间内用英语写同一篇作文,结果,西班牙小伙子潇潇洒洒地写了五百多字,意思表达基本明了,但拼写语法错误不胜枚举,改动处不多;而中国小伙子只拘谨地写了不到三百字,拼写错误不多,但语法改动不下二十余处,使人难以流畅地阅读。显然,前者只注意思想的表达,后者则有很强的语法意识--生怕犯语法错误,这种意识在相当程度上影响了思想的表达。由此可见,不同社会文化背景的人,会有不同的思维方式和思维习惯,在学习新的语言时,人们会很自然地把这种习惯带到新的语言里去,产生这样或那样的不良结果。
值得一提的是,中国人与西方人看问题的方法的确在许多方面存在着差异,而且这种差异的的确确在束缚着中国学生,成为他们英文写作中的拦路虎,使他们不能畅所欲言,不能准确而简洁地表达思想。因此,本文针对英语写作中常出现的问题谈谈英汉表达的几种差异。
一、首先,让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式的不同,英美人的思维方式是直线式的,他们在遣词造句谋篇上遵循着从一般( general )到具体( specific ),从概括( summarize )到举例( exemplify ),从整体( whole )到个体( respective )的原则。请看短文:
Soccer is a difficult sport. ( 1 ) A player must be able to run steadily without rest. ( 2 ) Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head. ( 3 ) Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others. ( 4 ) They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles. ( 5 )
上面的这则短文中,主题句( main idea sentence )也就是文章的中心是第一句,( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )句是用来说明主题句的。
而在汉语中,我们习惯于先分后总,先说原因后说结果,即所谓的“前因后果”,如果要表达相同的意思,我们通常这样说:
足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑,有时得用头顶球,撞别人或被别人撞,必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛,所以说,足球运动是一项难度大的运动。
二、接下来,让我们看一下英汉句子结构的特点。英语属印欧语系,汉语属汉藏语系,两种语言相距甚远,英语结构紧凑,汉语结构松散。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子,即英语句子是由断不可缺的各种连接词衔接而成,宛如节节相连的竹子;而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”,所谓的流水指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说,英语重形和,汉语重意和。英语句子中如果少了连接词如 or, but, if, so, because, when, although, in order that, so that ,所要表达的意思就支离破碎了,而汉语如没连接词,只从句子本身的意思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如:
Conquer the desires, or they will conquer you.
你如不能战胜欲念,欲念就会战胜你。
An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China.
一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行。
三、就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词的广泛使用,使得英语中出现“多枝共干”式的长句、复合句;汉语则常用短句、简单句。请看下面一个英语长句以及其汉语意思。
It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the red - cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit. 一个星期日的傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟的啁啾,一面在写一首爱情诗,忽然听到大门砰地关上,接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来,后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。
这是个英语强调句,其重心是: he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl coming running among the trees, 而 when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem 是一个时间状语从句,这两个句子通过 it was … that …这个强调句型巧妙地合为一个复合长句,整个句子简单明了,结构紧凑,若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句。
四、英语的另一个显著特点是被动句多。英语重物称e68a84e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94333,常常选择不能施行动作或无生命的词语作主语,由于这些“无灵”物称充当主语,使得被动句大兴其道。在英语被动句里,不必强调动作的施行者,就将其置于句尾由 by 连接;不必、不愿或不便言明动作的施行者,就干脆将其省略。相对而言,汉语习惯于人称化的表达,主语常常是能施行动作或有生命的物体,所以汉语中主动句多。请看例句:
It has been known for a long time that there is a strong relationship between the heart and the liver.
长期以来,大家知道心脏与肝脏的关系紧密。
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
大火几乎使这家有名的旅馆全部毁灭。
They were given a hearty welcome.
他们受到了热烈的欢迎。
五、英语的又一显著特点是其丰富的时态。不同的语言具有不同的时态,有的语言甚至很少或没有时态,汉语基本上就是借助词汇来表示各种时间和动作的,汉语动词除了“着”、“了”、“过”的若干说法与英语的进行时、完成时或过去时相对外,无其他与英语相对应的时态形式。而英语时态种类繁多(共有 16 种时态),区分细微,习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定的语法手段将动作的进行过程与状况描绘得更准确更精细,有时甚至能表达说话人的感情色彩。如:
You're always asking me such questions!
你老是问我这样的问题!(用现在进行时表示厌烦)
I am now living in a very pleasant flat.
我现在住在一间非常舒适的公寓里。(用现在进行时表示满意)
所以,传递同样的意思,英语只要选用合适的时态就行了,汉语则必须使用词汇手段。又如:
It has been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.
人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。
语言的形成与发展深受本国、本土、历史、地理、风土人情等各方面的影响,英语、汉语也不例外。英语中某些词的含义并不完全与汉语对等,比如 lover 这个词,大多数中国人认为是“爱人”(丈夫或妻子),其实在西方 lover 指的是情夫或情妇;再比如 First Lady ,在英美等国指的是总统夫人或州长夫人,而在中国常会被误解,认为是“原配夫人”,说不定还会有“二奶”、“三姨太”之类;又如 intellectual 这个词,在英美等国其所指范围较小,只包括大学教授等有较高学术地位的,不包括普通的大学生,而多数中国人认为 intellectual 就是“知识分子”,而且汉语中的知识分子所指范围很广,大学教师、中学教师、大学生、医生、工程师、翻译人员以及一切受过大学教育的人都可以称为知识分子。
综上所述,只有充分了解英汉表达的各种差异,才会胸有成竹,下笔有神,行文流畅。
Today's education in China is still teacher-centred. At class the teacher gives orders to students to do everything and the students' job is to follow the teacher. Chinese students ask fewer questions,compared with western learners. It seems that passing exams with a good grade in order to go to a good university is the only motivation for Chinese students, while westerners are encouraged to follow their own interest and to ask more questions in study.