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The earthquake grade is an unit that is use to mean the earthquake size, it is carry on by influence and destructive degree( namely earthquake intensity)s according to the earthquake ground of hour and buildings demarcation.Therefore, discuss the earthquake grade and must contact the earthquake intensity together.Currently, though the world has the big body the same standard to the ratings of the earthquake, involve the concrete nation will still have the dissimilarity slightly.List the our country demarcation form concerning earthquake intensity and the earthquake grade below, make net friend have to the earthquake class to know more rationally.
地震7a686964616fe58685e5aeb9336危害
1。Shaking and ground rupture
Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures
2。Landslides and avalanches
Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard. Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue
3。Fires
Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines. In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started
4。Tsunami
Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine landslide can overrun nearby coastal areas in a matter of minutes. Tsunamis can also travel thousands of kilometers across open ocean and wreak destruction on far shores hours after the earthquake that generated them
地震预防
Today, there are ways to protect and prepare possible sites of earthquakes from severe damage, through the following processes: earthquake engineering, earthquake preparedness, household seismic safety, seismic retrofit (including special fasteners, materials, and techniques), seismic hazard, mitigation of seismic motion, and earthquake prediction. Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged
May 12th is an ordinary day in 2008,it is in this day that shocking earthquake happened in Sichuan province,China.The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan country Sichuan province. It was terrible.We can't describle the scene what we saw with any words.Thousands of people were injured even died. And thousands of children became such unlucky ones who lost fathers or mothers , they longed to have families to continue their lives .I am sympathetic to their fate !e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94e59b9ee7ad94338 But I believed that we can fight against the fate and change it .For example ,there many people keeping living without food or water for about 100 hours during the earthquake!
What an unbelievable thing it is !their great spirits showed the powerful life vitality of humans!However,they must keep fighting against the death .Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers who left us forever.Sadness,hoplessness and different kinds of danger spreaded out here and there !
But ,fortunately ,love is around us :the Communist party helps us ,the army helps us ,the people all over the world help us .They offer us with money ,goods ,love and so on !For example ,li lian ji, a warm-hearted man ,offered us with 20 million yuan !
With the help of the such a large love ,we will over come the damage of the earthquake and face our beautiful future !
地震是地球上主要的自然灾害之一。地球上每天都在发生地震，其中大多数震级较小或发生在海底等偏远地区，不为人们所感觉到。但是发生人类活动区强烈地震往往会给人类造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。通常来讲，里氏3级以下的地震释放的能量很小，对建筑物不会造成明显的损害。人们对于里氏4级以上的地震具有明显的震感。在防震性能比较差切人口相对集中的区域，里氏5级以上的地震就有可能造成人员伤亡。
地震产生的地震波可直接造成建筑物的破坏甚至倒塌；破坏地面，产生地面裂缝，塌陷等；发生在山区还可能引起山体滑坡，雪崩等；而发生在海底的强地震则可能引起海啸。余震会使破坏更加严重。地震引发的次生灾害主要有建筑物倒塌，山体滑坡以及管道破裂等引起的火灾，水灾和毒气泄漏等。此外当伤亡人员尸体不能及时清理，或污秽物污染了饮用水时，有可能导致传染病的爆发。在有些地震中，这些次生灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失可能超过地震带来的直接破坏。 地震是可以预防的
一、做好地震预报。
地震之前是有预兆的。现在我们所知道的这种预兆是：地下水变浑、翻花、冒泡、变味；鸡鸭猪羊乱跑乱叫；老鼠外逃，鱼儿在水面乱跳。这种情况预示着地壳将弯曲、摺皱断裂，就要发生地震了。目前全世界任何国家都难以准确预报地震，我国的地震预报可以说处于世界领先的地位。大多数地震预报能够指出某个地区在某一段时间内有可能发生地震。1976年，在唐山地震前，辽宁省海城地区曾发生过6级以上的地震，临震前，政府多次催促把室内的人全部安置在地震棚里，并反复宣讲地震知只，结果伤亡人数减少到了最低限度。所以，预防地震的关键在于预报及时、准备充分、掌握地震时的救护知识。
二、制定家庭防震计划。
一旦发生地震，就可能使我们的供电、供水、供热系统，交通系统，生活必需品供应系统，信息系统，以及医疗卫生系统遭到某种程度的破坏，影响人民的正常生活，所以，我们应该制定一个家庭防震计划。
首先要排除室内高处的悬吊物，柜子上、木架上垂直摆放的物品，改变其摆放位置和方式，使其不易震倒伤人。同时要清除一切易燃易爆物品。床要搬到离玻璃窗远一些的地方。窗上贴上防碎胶条。防震用具包放在容易抓取的地方。为脱离危险，你也许只有抓取一件物品的时间，急用物品都在其中，它会帮你度过难关。这些物品中包括现金、饮用水、防流感和痢疾等的药品。
三、学校应做好地震前的准备。
在中、小学应该普及防震知识，震区学校应有防震训练的方案，若正在上课时发生地震，老师应马上给学生一个简单明确的指令，让学生就地闭眼伏在课桌下。一个地区，在某一段时间内可能发生地震时。家庭和学校要经常沟通。震区有条件的学校应备救灾物品，如：急救医药用品、防寒防雨用品、工具等，并按班级或教室分配，直到个人手中。
如果发生了地震怎样保护自己呢？
一旦发生了地震，若是在外边，千万不要靠近楼房、烟囱、电线杆等任何可能倒塌的高大建筑物或树木，要离开桥梁、立交公路，到空旷的田野较为安全。地震虽然是造成人口伤亡的天灾，但也不是不可预防的。如果能把握时机、运用防震知识就可以保护自己如地震发生前观察到鸟、动物的异常躁动；地震发生时蹲在桌子下面都可以减轻地震带来的伤害。可见，学7a686964616fe59b9ee7ad94337习地震知识非常重要。
【英文】
The direct disasters caused by earthquake are:
The destruction of buildings and structures, such as houses collapsed, Bridges, DAMS break fall cracking, rails deformation, etc.
Ground damage, such as ground fissures, collapse, water-jet emit sand, etc.
The destruction of mountain etc natural objects, such as landslide, landslide, etc.
Tsunamis, undersea earthquake generated huge waves driven ashore, causing the destruction of coastal areas.
Moreover, in some earthquake, and DeGuang burns zoonosis-borne phenomenon.
Earthquake directly after disasters, trigger a secondary disasters. Sometimes, secondary disasters caused casualties and losses, is greater than direct disasters. Great kanto earthquake in Japan in 1932, directly by earthquake collapsed homes only 10,000 blocks, and when the earthquake fire is burned 700,000 arena.
The earthquake caused secondary disasters are mainly,
The fire caused by earthquake fire control,
By the dam burst or floods, landslides congestion river caused,
Poison gas leaking, by building or device destruction caused by,
The plague, the earthquake live environment caused serious damage.A, completes the earthquake prediction.
Before the earthquake there is bodeful. Now we know this omens2 are: groundwater, turn a variable muddy flowers, bubble, stale, The chicken &duck pig sheep run monkey; Mice flight, fish in water disorderly jump. This adumbrative crust will bend, fold the wrinkle fracture, is about to happen earthquake. Currently the world any country can accurately forecast the earthquake, China's earthquake prediction can say is a world leading status. Most of the earthquake prediction that can point to an area in a certain period of time is likely to earthquakes. In 1976, before the tangshan earthquake, liaoning province haicheng area has happened above cet 6 earthquake, many times before imminent, the government urged the indoor all placed in earthquake tents, and repeatedly proclaiming know only, the result earthquake casualties reduced to the minimum. Therefore, the key to prevent earthquake prediction timely, preparation, and grasp the earthquake rescue knowledge.
Two, make family shockproof plan.
In the event of an earthquake, it is possible to make our power supply, water supply, heat supply system, traffic system, the necessities of life supply system, information system, and medical health system was a certain degree of damage, affect people's normal life, so, we should set up a family shockproof plan.
First to eliminate indoor high content, the cabinet, suspension gallows vertically items, change its put the position and the way to make the difficult seismic fall hurt. At the same time to remove all flammable and explosive substances. The bed should move to some place far away from the window. The window labeled anti-fog shatterproof strip. Shockproof appliance bag easily grab place. For out of danger. You may only grab an item of time, urgent things in it, it will help you overcome difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water, prevent flu and diarrhea medicines.
Three, schools should be done before the earthquake preparation.
In schools should popularize shockproof knowledge, the earthquake training school should have shock-proof scheme, and if taking lessons earthquake when, the teacher should immediately give students a simple instructions, lets the student in situ shutting fell on the desk. A region, in a certain period of time could during an earthquake. Family and school often should communicate. Earthquake conditional school should be prepared relief items, such as: emergency medical supplies, cold-resistant rainproof supplies, tools, and according to class or classroom distribution, until the individual hand.
If an earthquake happened how to protect myself?
Once the earthquake happened, if in the outside, must not near the building, chimney, such as any poles could collapse of tall buildings or trees, leaving the overpass Bridges, roads, to open field is more secure. Earthquakes are caused by population casualties though the scourge, but also is not prevented. If can seize the opportunity, using shockproof knowledge can preserve their like earthquake happened before observed birds, animals, abnormal restless, When the earthquake happened squat down below the table all can mitigate earthquake of the damage. Visible, learning earthquake knowledge is very important.