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12月25日,是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子,称为圣诞节。从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间,各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒的节日,由于人们格外重视,它便成为一个全民性的节日,是西方国家一年中最盛大节日,可以和新年相提并论,类似我国过春节。西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色,圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品,用砍伐来的杉、柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花,还点燃着圣诞蜡烛。红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人,他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前,要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子,等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物 放在袜子内。在西方,扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。
圣 诞 的 由 来
圣诞节的由来耶稣的生日究竞是哪一天,其实早无据可查。为什么要把12月25日定为圣诞节呢?这是在5世纪中叶由教会规定的。公元354年,在“菲洛卡连”日历中第一次写明12月25日是耶稣的生日,到5世
纪西方普遍接受了这个日期为圣诞节。
圣诞树
据称,圣诞树最早出现在古罗马12月中旬的农神节,德国传教士尼古斯在公元8世纪用纵树供奉圣婴。随后,德国人把12月24日作为亚当和夏娃的节日,在家放上象征伊甸园的“乐园树”,上挂代表圣饼的小甜饼,象征赎罪;还点上蜡烛,象征基督。到16世纪,宗教改革者马丁.路德,为求得一个满天星斗的圣诞之夜,设计出在家中布置一颗装着蜡烛的圣诞树。不过,西方关于圣诞树的来历流行着另一种说法:有个善良的农民,在圣诞节那天,热情地招待了一名流浪的孩子,临别时,孩子折下一树枝插在地上,树枝立即长成大树,孩子指着这树对农民说,每年今日,树上都长满礼物,以报答你们的盛情。所以,今7a686964616fe78988e69d83339天人们所见的圣诞树上总是挂满了小礼物。
圣诞歌
长期以来,一直流行的圣诞歌主要有三个,一个
是《平安夜》;一个是《佳音》;第三
是《铃铛儿响叮当》。
圣诞老人
圣诞老人原指公元4世纪时小亚细亚专区 的主教尼古拉,他因和蔼可亲慷慨济贫万里闻名。到了6世纪,东方把他尊称为圣尼古拉。由于民间有关尼古拉的传说中,都联系到少年儿童和礼物,从此,圣诞老人便成为专门在圣诞节向孩子们送礼物的慈祥老人的形象。到了18世纪,通过文学和绘画,圣诞老人逐渐成为身穿红外衣的白胡子、白眉毛老人形象。
圣诞卡
世界上第一张圣诞卡是1843年英国人亨利.高乐爵士提议,由约翰.卡尔葛设计的。
圣诞礼物
据《圣经》记载,来自东方的圣人在耶稣降生的时候赠送礼物,这就是圣诞老人为儿童赠送礼品习俗的由来。英国少年儿童在圣诞前夕把长统袜子放在壁炉旁,相信圣诞老人在夜里会从大烟囱下来,给他们带来满袜子的礼物。法国的少年儿童把鞋放在门口,让“圣婴来时把礼物放在鞋里面。”
圣诞大餐
正像中国人过春节吃年饭一样,欧美人过圣诞节也很注重全家人围坐在圣诞树下,共进节日美餐。圣诞大餐吃火鸡的习俗始于1620年。这种风俗盛于美国。英国人的圣诞大餐是烤鹅,而非火鸡。奥大利人爱在平安夜里,全家老小约上亲友成群结队地到餐馆去吃一顿圣诞大餐,其中,火鸡、腊鸡、烧牛仔肉和猪腿必不可少,同时伴以名酒,吃得大家欢天喜地
The Spring Festival of China is as important as western countries' Christmas. So they are indeed some similarities But because of differences in culture and may aspects, there are some differences as well.
They are similar in some ways. Firstly, on both festivals, families usually get together and have a good time at home. They often have feasts happily with the family. And they wish everyone happy. Secondly, shops, stores and supermarkets all like this period. They make big money before and during the festivals.
However, there are also different. Chinese parents give money to their children on the Eve, hoping they will do better and be healthier nxet year, while western people choose to give chilren some unexpected presents secretly. Of couse, the decoration are different. We can see Christmas trees in western homes while we can enjoy "chunlian" in China. Also, in China, people visit a lot of people during the festival while westerners often choose to stay with their families only.
But anyway, during the festivals, people are all in a good mood and relax themselves.
christmas day
christmas day falls on the twenty-fifth of december. it is a very happy day for many boys and girls . before the term ends in some schools , the children act a nativity(出生;e68a84e8a2ade79fa5e98193364诞生)or “birth” play, showing how jesus(n.耶稣 ) was born in a stable(n.厩;马棚;牛棚
).
on the twenty-fourth of december, all children are very excited. usually they are sent to bed early so that their parents can get the presents ready. the younger children think that father christmas will come down the chimney or fireplace , so they hang up a sock for him to put presents in. the greedy ones even hang up a pillow-case( n.枕套
)or a sack( n.袋;布袋
)to try to get more presents. later that night, father or mother will put presents in the sock, and leave others at the side of the bed.
on christmas morning, the children wake up very early. some even turn on the light at two o'clock, and most of them are awake by six o'clock although it is not light in england for another hour or two at this time of the year.children look for their presents , and the young ones play while the dinner is prepared. at about one o'clock in the afternoon, the christmas dinner is brought in . the turkey or chicken is quickly eaten . children search in their christmas pudding for new coins which are hidden in it . the rest of the day is full of games and eating until the happiest of all christmas hollidays comes to an end.